Geography of Australia History, Government, Climate

Australia  is a country in the Southern Hemisphere, south of Asia, near Indonesia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. It is an island nation that comprises the Australian continent as well as the island of Tasmania and some other small islands. Australia is considered a developed nation, and it has the worlds 12th-largest economy and sixth-highest per-capita income. It is known for a high life expectancy, its education, quality of life, biodiversity, and tourism. Fast Facts: Australia Official Name: Commonwealth of AustraliaCapital: CanberraPopulation: 23,470,145  (2018)Official Language: EnglishCurrency: Australian dollars (AUD)Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy (Federal Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realmClimate: Generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in northTotal Area: 2,988,902 square miles (7,741,220 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mount Kosciuszko at 7,310 feet (2,228 meters)Lowest Point: Lake Eyre -49 feet (-15 meters) History Due to its isolation from the rest of the world, Australia was an uninhabited island until about 60,000 years ago. At that time, it is believed that people from Indonesia developed boats that were able to carry them across the Timor Sea, which was lower  in sea level  at the time. Europeans did not discover Australia until 1770  when  Captain James Cook  mapped the islands east coast and claimed the land for  Great Britain. On January 26, 1788, colonization of Australia began when Captain Arthur Phillip landed in Port Jackson, which later became Sydney. On February 7, he issued a proclamation that established the colony of New South Wales. Most of the first settlers in Australia were convicts who had been transported there from England. In 1868 the movement of prisoners to Australia ended, but shortly before that, in 1851, gold had been discovered there, which significantly increased its population and helped grow its economy. Following the establishment of New South Wales in 1788, five more colonies were founded by the  mid-1800s. They were: Tasmania in 1825Western Australia in 1829South Australia in 1836Victoria in 1851Queensland in 1859 In 1901, Australia became a nation but remained a member of the  British Commonwealth. In 1911, Australias Northern Territory became a part of the Commonwealth (prior control was by South Australia.) In 1911, Australias Capital Territory (where Canberra is located today) was formally established, and in 1927, the seat of government was transferred from Melbourne to Canberra. On October 9, 1942, Australia and Great Britain ratified the  Statute of Westminster,  which began to formally establish the countrys independence. In 1986, The Australia Act furthered the cause. Government Australia, now officially called the Commonwealth of Australia, is a federal parliamentary democracy and a  Commonwealth realm. It has an executive branch with  Queen Elizabeth II  as the Chief of State as well as a separate prime minister as head of government. The legislative branch is a  bicameral Federal Parliament  consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The countrys judicial system is based on English common law and is composed of the High Court as well as lower-level federal, state, and territorial courts. Economics and Land Use Australia has a strong economy due to its extensive natural resources, well-developed industry, and tourism. The main industries in Australia are mining (such as coal and natural gas), industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, and steel manufacturing. Agriculture also plays a role in the countrys economy, and its main products include wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep,  and poultry. Geography, Climate, and Biodiversity Australia is located in  Oceania  between the Indian and  South Pacific Oceans.  Although it is a large country, its topography is not too varied, and most of it consists of  low  desert plateau. The southeast, however, does have fertile plains. Australias climate is mostly arid to semiarid, but the south and east are temperate and the north is tropical. Although most of Australia is arid desert, it supports a wide range of habitats, thus making it incredibly biodiverse. Alpine forests,  tropical rainforests, and a wide variety of plants and animals thrive there because of its geographic isolation from the rest of the world. As such, 92% of its vascular plants, 87% of its mammals, 93% of its reptiles, 94% of its frogs, and 45% of its birds are endemic to Australia. It also has the greatest number of reptile species in the world as well as some of the most venomous snakes and other dangerous creatures like the crocodile. Australia is most famous for its marsupial species, which include the kangaroo,  koala,  and wombat. In its waters, around 89% of Australias fish species both inland and offshore are restricted only to the country. In addition, endangered  coral reefs  are common on Australias coast—the most famous of these is the  Great Barrier Reef. The  Great Barrier Reef  is the worlds largest coral reef system and it stretches over an area of 133,000 square miles (344,400  square kilometers.) It is made up of more than 3,000 individual reef systems and coral bays and supports more than 1,500 species of fish, 400 species of hard coral, one-third of the world’s soft corals, 134 species of sharks and rays, six of the world’s seven species of threatened marine turtles, and more than 30 species of marine mammals, including endangered species, according to the World Wildlife Fund.

Max Weber Classical Sociological Theory - 1865 Words

Alba DelaCruz SOC 221 Sec 4: Classical Sociological Theory Professor Andrew Korall Assignment #2 Classical sociological theorists such as Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Georg Simmel are all considered pioneers in their field because of the innovative ideas and theories that they put forth about the societies and social worlds that they lived in. Weber warned about the increasing bureaucratization of our day to day lives and the isolation that could ensue if we let it run rampant. Durkheim made the extremely personal, impersonal through his study of suicide and spoke about the greater afflictions of the modern world that led societies to a literal breaking point. Simmel looked at the connections between individuals to understand society,†¦show more content†¦This dominance is mostly aptly explained in Giles Fraser’s piece for The Guardian titled â€Å"We must break free from the iron cage of this growing, dehumanising bureaucracy† in which the he describes the ubiquity of bureaucracy in the contemporary world and how we allow ourselves to be fully enmeshed in this inherently dehumanising system. Fraser gives a variety of examples of how bureaucracy permeates our day to day existence, but his most prominent one is when he talks about a parishioner of his that visits the emergency room with a serious medical condition and is told that he must take a number from a machine that will indicate the order in which he is attended to, he then proceeds to sit in the waiting room in agony for ages with no other interface to express his concerns to other than the ticket machine that is in place. This tedious situation is so commonplace that in some ways it hardly deserves mention, but according to Fraser it is shocking how people are so immersed in stultifying, life-denying, passive-aggressive, responsibility shifting, automated bureaucracy that they live their lives without noticing it. He places a call to action in the piece soShow MoreRelatedMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 PagesChristina Hubbard February 6, 2016 SOC 310.01 Assignment #1 In this essay I am going to address three core sociology theorists; Marx, Weber and Durkheim, they all had different opinions about how society functioned through the different types of relationships. Each theorists had a different perspective about â€Å"the social† and how that perspective presented it through society. 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Global Strategy Management-Free-Samples for Students Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Critically evaluate the Merits and Demerits, of adopting the Portfolio Organisation Perspective or the Integrated Organisation Perspective in the Management of Tatas range of Products . 2.In your Opinion does Tata have the Mix of resources and capabilities to bring the digital and mobile technologies together in order to achieve its aims and intentions? 3.Evaluate the ability of Tatas senior management team to ensure that the companys CSR activities contribute to increasing the companys value in a strategic and sustainable way. 4.Highlighted the key role of strategic alliances, MAs, and Corporate Leadership, in sustaining growth through responsible Policies and Practices. Answers: Introduction International business can sometimes become dynamics given the changes in portfolio performance in the market. The International business environment may include multinational enterprise. Steel is a vital component that drives most of the economies throughout the world. Therefore, most global steel manufacturers play an important role in development of most countries and any challenges in the international business environment has a critical effect on the most economies. The dynamic global business environment is quite challenging that require key players to in the industry. To remain competitive or to have a competitive advantage over other competitors in the steel manufacturers, companies have developed various strategies and business models. One of the key players of steel manufacturers industry is Tata Steel industry that has more than 30 tons of steel products annually. The following paper critically asses and evaluate the strategies that are used by global steel manufacturers t o response to dynamic and changing international business environment. 1.Portfolio, Integrated Organisation Perspectives, and Competitiveness In the report released by the Tata steel, the company is able to respond to the challenging environment. The Tata steel company can adopt both portfolio organization and integrated organization perspective. Integrated organization perspective or model ensure different areas and departments are properly coordinated in accordance to corporate governance. Portfolios, on the other hand, involve diversification of company portfolios in order to evenly distribute resource (Goergen 2012, pp. 104105). Portfolio management enables the organization to organize and manage its products or group of products in a comprehensive manner. Adopting portfolio organization perspective is a couple with some merits and demerits as revealed in Tata steel. Portfolio organization model is accompanied by some merits and these include minimized risk, maximized resources, prove the value of stakeholders, improved decision making and enable recurring success. Firstly, portfolio model reduces the risk that comes as a result of changes in the international business environment. Some of the risks that are minimized by portfolio organization model include financial risk, resource utilization and misdirected efforts toward one direction (Wieland Handfield 2013, pp 2229). Secondly, portfolio organization allows the company to redistribute its resources in a planed manner thereby reducing resource use. Portfolio organization model also helps attract the interest of stakeholders and other groups that may be i nterested in investing in the company. Thirdly, adopting portfolio also is important developing infrastructure that leads to recurring success. Fourthly, decision making solely depends on data on the organization, the data need to be visible from a top-down perspective or tactical bottom-up perspective. Portfolio organization model, therefore, enable the visibility of the data that enable decision making (Dalling 2007). Demerits of portfolio organization perspective may also include the following increase exposure and missed windfall. Firstly, as challenges increase in the steel industry the company risk suffers from since the portfolio increases exposure to risks. When the market is declining the portfolio holding also declines to lead to the risk of collapse. Secondly, diversified portfolio normally suffers due to loss from different sectors. A single portfolio may make a huge profit that is contrary to the profit that may be made by the whole organization (Penfield 2008). Integrated model describes the linkage between different aspects of the organization in a coherent manner for high efficiency. Integrated business model that is used in the company integrates Operational Excellence, Corporate Citizenship, Social Responsibility and Environmental Performance. Integrated organization perspective is coupled with some merits that include control over business, allow positive differentiation, more cost control, and more competitive advantage. Firstly, business integrated model allows the company to have control over various aspects o the value chain. Secondly, business integrated model enable the company to differentiate its product both at the production and at the distribution which increases its competitiveness since it adopts to the changing business environment. Moreover, the business can design its products according to consumers preference. Steel manufacturer is able to control the cost since it can adopt its main outlet through direct control of a business. This is possible through vertical integration for instance. Finally, an integrated business model also increases company competitiveness since the company can gain control of either distribution or main outlet hence the company has a competitive advantage over its main competitors (Wieland Handfield 2014, pp 2229). Demerits of an integrated business model, on the other hand, include decreased flexibility, require high cost, may cause confusion and normally cause barriers in the market. Firstly, the integrated business model used by the company reduces flexibility due to many challenges that may occur in upstream and downstream investment. Secondly, to maintain the vertical integrated for instance require a high amount of money. Thirdly, as business use integrated model reduced flexibility due to communication challenges within the company thereby causing much confusion. Finally, as the company venture in different aspects of business such as distribution, it creates barriers to entry of the market by new firms that would invest in distribution for example (Stehr Jakob 2014, pp 135150). Integration of both portfolio and integrated organization model Based on the merits and demerits of both business perspective it is possible to adopt both portfolio and integrated perspective. Firstly, portfolio organization perspective has an advantage such as reduced risk due to diversification as compared to integrated organization perspective that allows control over the company. Secondly, adoption of both perspective allows the company to efficiently control its operation since the company is able to minimize any confusion arising from the use of one perspective. A perspective such as a portfolio reduces flexibility and this can be compensated by adopting an integrated perspective that allows flexibility from all perspective either top-bottom or bottom up perspective (Shahwan Mohammad 2016). 2.Business Model Innovation and Technological Innovation through Strategic alliances, MAs In response to challenges in the international business environment, Tata Steel came up with one of the business models that focus on the innovative that focuses on strategic alliance and mergers. The company has join partnership with other companies that are closely associated with steel manufacturing especially in facilitating technological upgrade of its industrial activities. In order to make the business sustainable the organization highlighted information system as one of the strategies prompting the company to partner with information service providing companies. The company has come up with some innovative strategies that incorporate various partners in the value chain. Tata company has been investing in innovation business model that incorporate both technological and business innovation models. Through companys innovation portal the company has highly implemented various technologies as this is to reduce risk associated with changing and a dynamic global business environmen t. It is estimated that the company has implemented over 3300 innovative business ideas through its various subsidiaries (Thomas et al 2017, pp 3047). In addition, the company currently has most of its manufacturing activities automated with computerized system. In my opinion, Tata company has resource and capability to apply digital and mobile technologies to realize its goals. Firstly, the company has made some development in digital and mobile technologies since it has innovation portal. Though mobile technologies the company has not fully develop yet there is resources and capability to develop it. The remaining aspect of digital innovation that the company needs to develop is the mobile application that uses different mobile platforms. This is important since currently the digital marketing and communication form a critical aspect of company activities (McWilliams Siegel 2001, pp 117127). To reach as many customers as possible and also to reach out to the community through its sustainability program the company need to develop its mobile communication platform. In addition, digital and mobile technologies are also important also facilitate strategic alliances that play important role in partnership with suppliers and distributers withi n the global steel industry. Tata has been forming alliances and MAs as a strategic approach to dynamic global business environment and currently the digital innovation play an important role in connecting various firms to the main company thereby improving communication efficiency (Mahmudur Sanjaya 2016). The addition of Prevesh to product portfolio attracts different views as this may have merits and demerits of the company. According to blue ocean strategy, the business has invested in technological heights where other competitors have not ventured. The company decided to come up with innovative ideas such as Prevesh with no other competitors. As the business implement the ideas it reaches to Blue Ocean without other competitors and this allows other innovative ideas to come up and are implanted (Lantos 2001, pp 595632). To compete in current dynamic global business environment blue ocean strategy is regarded as an innovative strategy. The business model, on the other hand, interconnects to the blue ocean strategy since both can allow entering the untamed market. One of the listed strategies that are used by Tata to respond to challenges in the global steel manufacturers industry. Another strategy is also innovation in product differentiation that allows the company to develop new p roducts and services as the solution to challenges (Khalid 2011, pp 484492). 3.Corporate governance, CSR, Sustainability and Leadership The company's vision to be a global benchmark in value creation and corporate citizenship and the company's long-term corporate social responsibility (CSR) objective, is to improve the quality of life of the communities through long-term value creation for all stakeholders. This objective is in alignment with the Tata Group core purpose. Towards achieving this, the company has been a pioneer in various CSR initiatives. We continue to remain focused on improving the quality of life and engaging communities through health, education, sports, and infrastructure development. (https://www.tatasteel.com/investors/annual-report-2014-15/annual-report-2014-15.pdf, 2016) The above extract reveals Tata companys value that explains aspects of corporate governance, Corporate social responsibility (CSR), Sustainability and other leadership aspects of steel manufacturers. To critique the above extract there is need to analyze and evaluate several of these aspects. It is important to note that corporate social responsibility is closely connected to the leadership and all works to ensure the business achieve sustainable practice. For instance, the sustainability aspect ensure that the company is socially responsible to the society and the environment. Corporate Governance Tata Steel has well structured corporate governance guidelines in line with both laws and ethical standards. The leadership and governance of the company are based on the board that has proved experience in leadership. The board is appointed by shareholders who are the owners of the company. The company management can be compared to the agency theory that provides different between shareholders and management that are hired (Rasche, Morsing Moon 2017, pp.6f). This is based on transparency and ethics that drives company activities. Moreover, the corporate governance guidelines also resemble another theory of stakeholders corporate governance. In this theory, stallholders control the company and shareholders are not the main stakeholders for the company. Similarly, in Tata steel, there are many stakeholders that play role in corporate governance that is more important as shareholders (Denis McConnell 2003, pp 136). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) The company has well structured corporate social responsibility guidelines that ensure that the company is managed towards the fulfillment of its corporate social responsibility vision. The company also came up with social responsibility community that is the task to monitor the corporate social responsibility for the company. According to Jones (2007), a corporate social responsibility normally functions in compliance with laws, ethical and norms. Based on the annual repot the company management work in harmony to fulfill the corporate governance responsibility placed upon it by shareholders (Lantos 2001, pp 595632). The senior management has the capability to realize the corporate responsibility of the company. Under normal circumstance, shareholders are the owners of the company though the company is managed under the board of directors (Stehr Jakob 2014, pp 135150). This leaves no choice for the board to be corporate responsible to shareholders. Though some other theories sugges t that shareholders should not be the main or important stakeholders in the corporate social responsibility, within steel industry shareholders remains important stakeholders in the organization since they are the owners of the company (Bhattacharya, Sen Korschun 2011). Sustainability Sustainability can be defined as managing social, financial and environmental risk to fit both human and environment. Sustainability goal of the company revolves around involving community towards sustainable developments. As part of sustainability, the company is involving different people within the Tata steel family. Though According to the annual report on Tata steel cooperate social responsibility, the Company endeavor to positively impact the lives of the communities around its areas of operation, minimize the impact on the environment and responds various issues of communities in a mutually beneficial way (Penfield 2008, Vol. 18, no. 6). The company governance is largely involved in community participation. The company support communities in various ways that include agriculture, education, mid-day meal, renewable energy and newborn baby. Firstly, the company has literacy program that targets adult. The program has benefited over 15,000 people thereby increasing literacy level . Secondly, the company gives medical care to newborn and the mother so as to provide health care to the community. In addition, the company supports farmers through an agricultural initiative. The company also gives meals to students in government schools in a program known as mid-day meal scheme. Finally, the company has developed solar streetlight project that utilizes the solar renewable energy. These projects or programs serve to impact the community so as to fulfill the sustainability goal of the company (Anderson 2006, Vol. 53, no. 4.). Leadership Another aspect of the company is leadership that plays an important role in driving sustainability policies (Mehrabani Dadgar 2013, pp: 09- 13). The leadership structure of steel manufacturers is structured to allow innovative ideas and communication facilitation between different players or partners. The leadership of Tata steel, for instance, is top-bottom perspective and is headed by the board of directors appointed by shareholders. The leadership of the steel manufacturers has various responses to the changing and this is evident in the leadership partnerships and reports that are part of the annual report 2014-2015. In addition, the management also plays an important role in the decision making that derives the company to maintain its production and distribution of products. As part of management Tata steel has several committees that are the task to manage or oversea various activities or corporate governance (Jobber Fiona 2012, p.143). 4.Personal reflections on learning This assessment has an impact on my understanding of the Global Steel Manufacturing Industry competition as many key players such as Tata has strategies to respond to dynamic changing a dynamic business environment. Firstly, companies concentrate on innovative ideas and implement them to enter new markets. Companies also use its diversified products portfolio and good corporate governance to ensure full control of business and operations. Steel manufacturers have innovative business model in come up with technological marketing and communication. For instance, the company has an innovative portal that allows sharing of business innovation (Clarke 2004). Secondly, steel manufacturers also have sustainability strategies to involve the local community and small business. This assessment also shows the merits and demits various aspects of policies especially sustainability policies. Tata, for instance, involve the local community in various activities such as agriculture, healthcare, and renewable energy. The community has benefited from various projects and programs that target sustainability programs. The sustainability program also works in hand with the committee in charge of cooperate social responsibility (CSR) (Fields 2002). Thirdly, strategic alliances are important strategies that help the company to enter a new market, diversified and increase its portfolio. As the company form alliance with other stakeholders in the steel industry and this is important as it increases efficiencies in the distribution of products. The company is partnering with different other companies within its value chain. The company has also partner with other companies through MAs to facilitate its operation. Some of the partners are NGOs partners, manufacturing processing EPAs, warehouse partners, and channel Partners (Giesler Veresiu 2014, pp 849867). Fourthly, corporate leadership also plays an important in ensuring the company takes full control of portfolios in the market and ensures that communication is properly coordinated throughout the organization. The company also has the committee that ensures that the leadership fulfills the corporate social responsibility as part of corporate governance. Another aspect of corporate governance that the assessment has revealed is compliance with laws and ethical standards (Goergen 2012, pp. 104105). Finally, the assessment has also revealed the effect of policies and practice of the steel manufacturers. Various companies within the industry have policies that aim to achieve the objectives and aims of the organization. Tata, for instance, has policies that facilitate good governance and incorporate all the key stakeholders in the company. The company work in harmony with other partners in the value chain to establish long-term value chain (Sneirson 2009, pp 987). Conclusion In conclusion, steel manufacturing industry is a dynamic industry that keeps on changing and sometimes declines to lead to good strategic polices. The industry has some key players such as Tata have well-structured policies, strategies, and models that enable the company to response through a sustainable solution. In addition, the company has a good corporate governance structure, corporate social responsibility, and leadership that work in harmony to ensure that the company response positively to the dynamic environment. The company as good sustainability strategy that in cooperate the local community through environmental strategies such as renewable energy. Finally, innovation and technologies are two most important aspect of growth that is critical for competition in the current society and business environment. The company, therefore, has both resource and capabilities to adopt and implement digital and mobile technology as an aspect of the technological innovation. References Anderson, DR, 2006, The critical importance of sustainability risk management. Risk Management. Vol. 53, no. 4. Bhattacharya, CB; Sen, S, Korschun, D, 2011, Leveraging Corporate Social Responsibility: The Stakeholder Route to Business and Social Value. Cambridge: UK: Cambridge University Press. Clarke, T, (ed.) 2004, Critical Perspectives on Business and Management (5 Volume Series on Corporate Governance Genesis, Anglo-American, European, Asian and Contemporary Corporate Governance) London and New York: Routledge, Denis, DK, JJ, McConnell 2003, International Corporate Governance. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, vol.38, no.1, pp 136. Dalling, 2007, Integrated Management Definition, Chartered Quality Institute Integrated Management Special Interest Group, Issue 2.1 Fields, S, 2002, Sustainable Business Makes Dollars and Cents. Environmental Health Perspectives. Goergen, M, 2012, International Corporate Governance, Prentice Hall, Harlow, January, pp. 104105, Giesler, M, Veresiu, E, 2014, Creating the Responsible Consumer: Moralistic Governance Regimes and Consumer Subjectivity. Journal of Consumer Research, 41 (October): pp 849867. Jobber; CD Fiona E, 2012, Principles and practices of marketing. London: McGraw Hill companies. p.143. Jones, T, 2007, Talent Management. The Business Value of Virtue: Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Engagement. Retrieved Khalid AM, 2011, Ethical Theories of Corporate Governance. International Journal of Governance, vol.1, no.2, pp 484492. Lantos, GP, 2001, The Boundaries of Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Consumer Marketing. MCB UP. Vol.18, no.7, pp 595632. Mahmudur, R, Sanjaya, K, 2016, Corporate Governance in India: The Potential for Ghandism. In Franklin, Ngwu; Onyeka, Osuji; Frank, Stephen. Corporate Governance in Developing and Emerging Markets. London: Routledge McWilliams, A, Siegel, D, 2001, Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective. Academy of Management Review, vol.26, pp 117127. Mehrabani, F, Dadgar, Y, 2013, The Impact of Corporate Governance on Firm Performance: Evidence from Iran, International Journal of Trends in Economics Management and Technology (IJTEMT), ICV: 6.14, Impact Factor: 1.41, Vol.2 Issue. 3, June, pp: 09- 13 Penfield, P, 2008, Generating for the Environment, Drive down costs while helping Mother Nature. APICS Magazine, Vol. 18, no. 6. Rasche, A; Morsing, M, Moon, J, 2017, Corporate Social Responsibility: Strategy, Communication, Governance. Camebridge, UK: Camebridge University Press. pp.6f. Stehr, C, Jakob, BE, 2014, Corporate Social Responsibility th rough Voluntary Commitment in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises the Case of the Heilbronn Declaration. European Journal of Sustainable Development, vol.3, no.4, pp 135150. Sneirson, J, 2009, Green Is Good: Sustainability, Profitability, and a New Paradigm for Corporate Governance. Iowa Law Review vol. 94, no.3, pp 987. Shahwan, Y, Mohammad, NR, 2016, Descriptive Evidence of Corporate Governance Oecd Principles For Compliance With Jordanian Companies. Journal Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Negotia. Sun, W, 2010, How to Govern Corporations So They Serve the Public Good: A Theory of Corporate Governance Emergence. New York: Edwin Mellen. Thomas F, et al 2017-01-09, Corporate social responsibility: reviewed, rated, revised. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol.29, no.1, pp 3047. Wieland, A, Handfield, RB, 2013, The Socially Responsible Supply Chain: An Imperative for Global Corporations. Supply Chain Management Review, vol.17, no.5, pp 2229.

Nestle Pakistan free essay sample

Introduction Nestle Pakistan Ltd is a subsidiary of Nestle S. A. a company of Swiss origin headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is a food processing company, registered on the Karachi and Lahore stock exchanges and operating in Pakistan since 1988 under a joint venture with Milk Pak ltd and took over management in 1992. For ten years in a row, the company has won a place among the top 25 companies of the Karachi Stock Exchange. Headquartered in Lahore, the Company operates four production facilities. Two of its factories in Sheikhupura and Kabirwala are multi product factories. One factory in Islamabad and one in Karachi produce bottled water. Through its effective marketing and a vast sales and distribution network throughout the country, it ensures that its products are made available to consumers whenever, wherever and however. Nestle Pakistan operates in many ways but people, products and brands are the main flag bearers of the Company’s image, and we continue to enhance the quality of life of people. We will write a custom essay sample on Nestle Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nestle Pakistan now operates the biggest milk collection operation in Pakistan, Currently; Nestle Pakistan collects milk from an estimated 190,000 farmers spread over 145,000 sq. Kms in the province of Punjab and Sindh. Nestle believes in creating shared value and is committed to the communities it works and lives with. In Pakistan, the company is working closely with the communities in areas related to Nutrition, Water and Rural Development, and continues to enhance the quality of life of people throughout its value chain. Nestle Pakistan today is the leading Food Beverages Company in Pakistan with key focus on Nutrition, Health and Wellness and reaching the remotest of locations throughout Pakistan to serve the consumers. Nestle Pakistan also prides itself in being the leaders in Nutrition, Health Wellness. Ever since 1867, when Henri Nestle invented the first infant food, nutrition has been in our DNA. Today more and more consumers mirror our emphasis on nutrition, as they realize that food choices affect their health and quality of life. The company’s strategy is guided by Nestle’s Corporate Business Principles which are in line with internationally accepted best practices and ethical performance culture. Nestle’s existing products grow through innovation and renovation while maintaining a balance in geographic activities and product lines. Long-term potential is never sacrificed for short-term performance. The Company’s priority is to bring the best and most relevant products to people, wherever they are, whatever their needs are, and for all age groups. In line with Nestle’s global philosophy, Nestle Pakistan is proud of its commitment to excellence in product safety and quality and to providing value and aims to be the leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company. As a socially responsible corporate, we always focus on environment friendly operations, ethical business practices and our responsibility towards the communities. Vision, Mission and Ambition Our Vision Nestle’s global vision is to be the recognized leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company. Nestle Pakistan subscribes fully to this vision of being the number one Nutrition, Health, and Wellness Company in Pakistan. In particular, we envision to; Lead a dynamic, passionate and professional workforce – proud of our heritage and positive about the future. Meet the nutrition needs of consumers of all ages – from infancy to old age, from nutrition to pleasure, through an innovative portfolio of branded food and beverage products of the highest quality. Deliver shareholder value through profitable long-term growth, while continuing to play a significant and responsible role in the social, economic, and environmental sectors of Pakistan. Our Mission To positively enhance the quality of life of the people of Pakistan by all that we do through our people, our brands and products and our CSV activities. Our Ambition To be the leading Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company in Pakistan. Nestle Fruita Vitals Nestle Fruita Vitals is the beverage brand of Nestle Pakistan. With its propositional statement of â€Å"Rise and Shine† Nestle Fruita Vitals provides a range of fruit juices promising a kick start in the morning with bright and active day after it. Nestle Fruita Vitals has its own high brand image and charisma that has completely accorded the name that has been established by Nestle Pakistan through their quality products and healthy customer relationships. Nestle Fruita Vitals comprises of the following market offerings: NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Apple Nectar Apples have no fat and are cholesterol free. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Apple Nectar is made from the finest Apples and is 100% clear. As irresistible as sin itself – give in to the amber kick of NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Apple Nectar. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Red Grape Nectar Grapes also called the ‘queen of fruits’ are known for their great internal body cleansing properties. They are a good source of Vitamin C and Potassium that plays an important role in proper heart functioning by regulating blood pressure and heart beat. Relish the full-bodied, smooth flavor of NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Red Grape Nectar and let your taste buds soak in the sensuous richness of Red Grapes. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Pineapple Nectar Pineapples are good source of Vitamin C, an antioxidant that helps fight against free radicals, one of the main reasons for aging. Made from premium pineapples, NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Pineapple Nectar brings you the exotic taste of pineapples with a refreshing tropical flavor and is a good source of Vitamin C. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Chaunsa Nectar NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Chaunsa Nectar is prepared from the finest quality Chaunsa mangoes that are procured from the best fruit farms. The 100% rich mango nectar is nutritious, refreshing and wonderfully delicious. It helps to replenish the lost vigor during workouts and enhances your fitness by providing fortified energy endowed with dietary fiber, Vitamin A, C E. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Guava Nectar A chilled glass of pink NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Guava Nectar is not only great tasting but is also wholesome in antioxidants making it very nutritious. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS Guava Nectar is rich in Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C and Niacin and due to excessive fiber content it is an effective fat burner. NESTLE Mango drink and NESTLE Orange Mango drink Feel the burst of fruity fun and discover NESTLE Mango and NESTLE Orange Mango fruit drinks made with the juiciest, sweetest mangoes and sharp oranges. NESTLE Peach Nectar Peaches are a perfect combination of flavor and nutrition. Their natural fruit goodness, enriched with Vitamin C, protects the body from free radical damage and helps maintain the immune system. The Target Market and Positioning Market Description Nestle Fruita Vitals serves to the human need of quenching the thirst and having a healthy and natural drink to start of the day or to ease out the stress from the mind. The market for Nestle Fruita Vitals in Pakistan’s beverage market that comprises of many global, multinational and national brands making all kind of beverages from soft fizzy drinks to juices and other syrup drinks. On the macro level the target geographic market of the Nestle Fruita Vitals is the Urban and sub urban area of the country. While pondering and analyzing more about the target psychographic market we found that brand targets the A+, upper middle class and to some extent to the lower middle class of people living in Pakistan. On the demographic front, more specifically the age factor, Nestle Fruita Vitals is the brand for the youth aged between 18 and 24. This is also evident through their recent marketing campaign endorsed by the two young Bollywood actor Aliya Bhatt and Varun Dhawan depicting scenarios of student life. Nestle Fruita Vitals serves to the human need of quenching the thirst and having a healthy and natural drink to start of the day or to ease out the stress from the mind. Product Review Nestle Fruita Vital has a large market share of 50 % in the fruit juice market through the deliverance of quality drink at a reasonable price. This means that 50,000 liters of Fruita Vitals juices is sold every day in Pakistan. The total consumption of juices per day is around 102000 liters. The product line consists of 8 products that enlighten the lives of people with their natural and energetic taste, quality, packaging and marketing. Orange and Mango flavors are the two most prominent products having the greater share of sales of 35%. Competition Pakistan has a total of 24 juice processing plant in the vicinity. Nestle being the leader in this market enjoys a greater part of the consumers. The competitors of Fruita Vitals includes Pepsi Cola (Slice), Sheezan, Maza and Olfrut. Olfrut with its parent brand Olpers (Engro Foods) is the biggest competitor with their ornate marketing campaigns and a comparatively low price for an equal quality product. The introduction of Olfrut has forced the market share of Fruita Vitals to move down by around 10%. This poses a threat to the sales and revenues of the company as well as the brand equity. Distribution Nestle has an efficient set of distributors for every brand. Fruita Vitals is easily accessible to the target audience at every location from supermarkets to retail shops and restaurants to canteens. The Distribution also plays and important role in increase in the sales and revenues as it a major factor of satisfaction to the customers. Nestle Fruita Vitals focus especially on Pakistans urban and sub urban, where activities such as town storming, distribution drives and intensive distributor training ensure that products are easily accessible and visible, giving us a strong competitive edge. NESTLE FRUITA VITALS’ TAG LINE: â€Å"Rise and Shine to Life† Objectives and Issues OBJECTIVES: The mission of a company leads to a detailed supporting objective for each level of management. Every manager of each department in the company should be responsible to achieve these objectives. The basic objective of Nestle Fruita Vitals is its mission statement, whereas, in regard to its mission statement there are also certain other objectives which are: Fulfill the health and nutrition needs of their consumers belonging to any age group Maximize shareholders wealth to further build profitable relationships To improve the quality of life of the citizens of Pakistan by providing a better quality of their juices To increase their CSR activities so as to further build strong customer relationships To build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners ISSUES: The basic issues that Nestle Fruita Vitals are facing for the further promotion and awareness of their brand are as follows: People think that fruit juices are not that great for them because of the fructose (fruit sugar). They think that when this frustose is processed its pure sugar gets TERRIBLE for their health. So the solution to them is that if they want to have a taste of fruits they should try having an actual fruits because the fiber in the pulp skin and roughage will slow the absorbtion of the fructose. Some people also believe that instead of having packed juices one should go for natural ones with pulp and fibre etc. They think that, that is much better for their health. Only when one is in hurry one should go for processed juices. As per the staff of Nestle, people are also getting diverted towards imported drinks. As people are getting more health conscious, they are willing to spend more on their health and thus are willing to purchase imported juices regardless of the cost factor. Marketing Strategy Marketing Mix Like every corporate structures, Nestle also has certain Marketing Strategy and Marketing Mix, which helps them in tackling the threats and problems they face in offering better value, and also to take up on opportunities that help them to add value to the product. Market Segmentation We are going to segment juice market on the basis of needs. There are following need which we came to know that people like to drink during the following stages: Travelling Occasions Usually People like to drink something that energizes them during travelling. Because they have to carry single or small packing and juices are the best for that. Juice provide them suitable taste and flavor. For domestic use Nestle distributes that volume of juice for large family use which may be used in any events and occasions like use with breakfast and dinner etc or serving the guests etc. Targeting 200mlFor Travelling and occasional 1000ml For Domestic use Nestle is first company that launched the these two packing in juices who provide the satisfaction more as compare to competitors but now competitors also move this segment and according to that we are going to launch segment of food energy drink. Positioning Differentiation Brand strategy is at the heart of marketing strategy. It is the act of designing the company offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the target customer mind. Nestle brings you a range of juices that will scintillate your taste-buds and add variety to suit every moment Oranges are in demand not only for their divine juicy flavor but equally celebrated for their health benefits. They are naturally low in calories, and an excellent source of Fiber and Vitamin C. Squeezed from the finest handpicked oranges, 100% pure NESTLE ® Pure Orange Juice has no added sugar and is a good source of Vitamin C. Having Orange juice every day is a great way of strengthening the body resistance against infections and diseases and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Point of parity Different flavor Tetra packing Point of difference 100% pure juice Enhanced nutrition This is the point of differentiation that nestle juices always provides pure juices which are beneficial and are not harmful for people Brand element Name: â€Å"Nestle Fruita Vitals† is the brand name. Slogan logo: Slogan is the short phrase that communicates descriptive or persuasive information about the brand. Fruita Vitals has no slogan currently, but should develop one. The logo of it is rather realistic that shows Fruita Vitals written in cool font, with a sun over it, which makes it look refreshing. Packaging Nestle Fruita Vitals have been designed in such a way so that the consumers find it easy to carry it with themselves. Nestle Fruita Vitals was being launched in Prisma Pack for the first time in Pakistan and Tetra Pak was helping Nestle out in the designing of the packaging. The old packaging of Nestle had to be changed. They wanted to retain the Nestle red color but at the same time wanted to develop a more prominent ID for Fruita Vitals so that it could register well. The packaging was for SEC A and B and had to be sophisticated and classy. The new pack designs by Nestle were indeed, a good step towards promoting it. The new designs are much classy, sophisticated and quite different from the old, repeated packaging design. z This new packaging was liked by all customers as soon as it was launched. The packaging was changed for both the 200 ml and the 1000 ml packs. 200 ml packs 1000 ml packs Now, on the shelf, one can easily identify NFV due to its unique and classy packaging. Brand Name Selecting an appropriate brand name for a product is one of the most difficult tasks in the process of brand development. Taking Nestle Fruita Vitals into account, this brand name satisfies all the desirable qualities a brand should have. Relevancy: Nestle Fruita Vitals is a brand name through which one can easily determine the benefits and nature of the product. Nestle represents the name that has created a highly valued image in the past 100 and more years, while Fruita Vitals delineate the vitalities of fruit that are present in the beverage. Pronunciation: â€Å"NESTLE FRUITA VITALS† Nestle is an international organization that has established it name over the century thus pronouncing the word â€Å"Nestle† is not one of those difficult tasks. In fact people who can’t spell it correctly or are not literate enough, pronounce it correctly. The second part of the name that is â€Å"Fruita Vitals† is also two commonly used words that every person uses. Fruita is derived from Fruits. Distinction: Nestle Fruita Vitals is a very distinctive name in nature as none of the other companies have used such type of word or name which portraits the lively characteristics of fruits. The names before Fruita Vitals were as simple as â€Å"Sheezan Fruit Nectar†. The brand name â€Å"Nestle Fruita Vitals† has brought an innovation in naming a beverage brand and the following brands have walked and the same stepping with names like OLFRUITE and others. Globalization: Nestle Fruita vital is already a globalized brand with its existence in many countries of the world. There have no such translation issues with this brand name as it consists of a well renowned company and simple English words. Legitimacy: The brand name Nestle Fruita Vital is a registered brand name in Pakistan and Nestle owns every right of the usage this name in any form. Even the symbols are registered and no one can use it through any medium otherwise Nestle holds the right to take legal actions against the one who have used it. Fruita vitals Volume growth, Sales Budgets Volume growth in the last 3 years is about 20-25% Sales target planned to increase every year by at least 15-20% Marketing strategies and budgets are solely dependent on the revenue generated last year. Volume growth is the quantity or number of goods sold or services sold in the normal operations of a company in a specified period. 4 P’s of Marketing Product Primary Benefit Core benefit means the services and benefits the customer is really buying. Fruita Vitals fulfills the needs of thirst and energy of the consumers Basic product It’s mean what specifically the actual product is. Nestle Fruita Vitals is a juice that is offered in different flavors Expected product A set of attributes and conditions buyers normally expect when they purchase this product. Normally customers want to drink a juice with richer taste and flavor so nestle provides products with richer taste and different flavors for different customers. Augmented product A product that includes features that go beyond consumer expectations and differentiate the product from competitors. Fruita Vitals juices taste and flavor is according to the customer expectations because they provide 100% pure juice. They do no compromise with quality. They try to provide maximum quality and satisfaction to the customers. Quality is their guarantee and we promised to the customers that they stop the product rather to low the quality of product. Potential product All possible augmentation and transformations the product or offering might undergo in the future. In future they will introduce new pulp juices in the market nearer future. They will launch special juices for sports men and professional working people. Place Nestle Company establishes the distribution channels in each famous city of Pakistan like Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Faisalabad etc. They also acquire the suitable distributors in each city. They hire maximum two or three distributors in a city. They provide 7%-8% markup on each sale to the retailer. Nestle juices uses different channels to distribute their product. First of all the finishing goods are stored in the warehouses and the next step is to send products to the distributor and then the distributor distributes through different channels to wholesalers and then to retailers, which then end up going to final consumers. Nestle distributes its products both in urban and rural areas. Promotion Strategy Nestle uses different marketing techniques to get its message across to potential customers. Nestle uses TV advertising, print and radio ads. Communication objective Nestle company use different sources to attract their target customer. The objective of nestle is to create awareness in people about Fruita Vitals’ new offerings and also to produce awareness to new potential customer about nestle juices. Nestle juices give ads on different TV channel at different times. Nestle’s management also keep in mind that their competitors use what channel and what time they give ads. They keep a thorough track on their customers’ behavior, like when they use television and which channel they prefer to watch. They usually tell in their ads about the nutrients that Fruita Vitals provides to its customers. Like one of their ad says that Fruita Vitals gives you 33% of the daily required Vitamin C. Nestle Fruita Vitals also recently sponsored one of the most famous plays of Pakistan, which is called â€Å"Aangan Terha†. Price Strategy Nestle juice are available six flavors and two different packaging are offered. One is 200ml and second is 1000ml. The packing of 200ml target of individual customers and 1009ml packing targets a group. The current price of 200 ml product is Rs. 25, while the price of 1000ml product is Rs. 120, which actually is 30%-40% higher than what competitors are charging for their product. Although, the main competitor, Olfrute has pretty much the same price, but it does not offer the value or the competitive advantage to have justice with the price tag. Nestle offers better value, and it has a good brand perception among the consumers, so if they keep up to the standard, then even with the increase in price, the consumers will not have any complaints. Now below are the different strategies discussed which are used by Nestle Fruita Vitals: Market entry strategy This company is using marketing Skimming strategy when they enter into the market of Pakistan, because at that time they believe that their target customer for juice belonged to upper class. Price leadership strategy Nestle is at the moment having a price leadership strategy and it is because it fulfills all the requirements of a successful price leadership. Pricing structure Micro environment of nestle fruita vitals The micro environment of the company includes: Suppliers Marketing intermediaries Competitors Customers SUPPLIERS Suppliers are most important link to the company’s overall production level and maintaining customer value delivery system. Suppliers provide the resources that are needed by the company to produce its good and services. Suppliers problem can seriously affect marketing in a sense if there’s a delay in resources then the products going to reach late in the market and thus damaging the customer satisfaction in the long run. Therefore managers must watch supply availability and costs. Marketing Intermediaries Marketing intermediaries include resellers, physical distribution firms, marketing service agencies and financial intermediaries. These intermediaries help the company to promote, sell and distribute its product to final buyers. Almost in every shop people come across they see the product of nestle fruita vitals present. Competitors There are no big competitors when it comes to nestle fruit vitals but still they consider â€Å"shezan† as their competitors. Customers When it comes to Customers they haven’t targeted any specific customer markets but what they target are the whole Pakistani people. Macro environment of nestle fruita vitals The macro environment of nestle fruit vitals are: Demographic Economic Natural Technological Political Demographic Environment Demographic environment is major interest for the marketers because it involve people consisting of all ages groups, gender, location, density and size. In demographic environment when income will increase then definitely there would be increase in purchasing buyer. Economic Environment In economic environment, when inflation would increase then there would be decrease in purchasing of nestle fruit vitals product . Changes in economic variables such as income, cost of living, interest rates , savings and borrowing patterns have a massive impact on market place. Companies use economic forecasting to look after these variables. Natural In natural environment marketers look after there natural resources that are being supplied to them, In Nestle Fruit vitals marketers already find out when there would be shortage of raw materials, So keeping this factor in find they tend to come up with there own plans to help themselves from this problem. Technological Environment In nestle fruit vitals there hasn’t been any improvement in machinery up till now because machinery that is being used over here has been imported from outside country that is still modern in this era. Political Political environment consists of laws, government agencies and pressure groups that influence or limit various organization and individuals in society so none of these features affect fruit vital. Maintaining relationships with workers staff members Friendly environment The staff at Nestle Fruita Vitals maintains good relationship among each other. Working as a team on the whole, they believe in effective communication between employees and the board of directors too. One may expect good communication between the departments of NFV too, as this communication shows the major success of NFV in the market. Incentives and rewards: The staff members at Nestle are given a monthly salary according to their designations and posts. They receive their yearly bonuses as well which are set according to the gained revenues. Moreover, the sales team works on a commission basis. Whenever a new product launches, the target for getting a certain percent of market share is set for the managers. The major cities like Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad are then divided into zones. For example we might consider that for the sales managers here in Karachi, Karachi will be divided in the east and west zones. The sales team is then instructed about the targets, on which specific amounts are set as rewarded. If the sales reach the target as expected, the sales manager receives the reward. If the sales go beyond expectations then the top three achievers are given rewards for this further effort too. SWOT Analysis of Nestle Fruita Vitals Strengths 1. Company Image Nestle company has a great image in the mind of people. Nestle company has worldwide reputation. 2. Quality Conscious Nestle produces a good quality products. It can not compromise on quality. 3. Market Share Nestle juices has a highest market share i. e. 60% in juices market. 4. Brand strength – In Pakistan Nestle has some very strong brands like Nescafe, Maggie, Cerelac, nestle water and these brands are almost generic to their product categories. 5. Research Development Research and development department keeps Nestle in continuous knowledge about itself and competitors. It has a competitor advantage because many local juices have no research development department. 6. Product innovation – The Company has been continuously introducing new products, thus expanding its product offerings. Weaknesses 1. Storage ability One of the biggest weaknesses of Nestle Fruita Vitals is that it cannot store its stock for a long period of time Opportunities 1. Support foreign investors Government supports foreign investors to invest in Pakistan. 2. Changing Social Trend Consumers in urban areas drink functional drinks on a regular basis as they increasingly adopt Western lifestyles, especially the younger generation which is hugely influenced by the Western media. Younger consumers tend to follow Western eating and drinking habits. There was an increase in demand for functional drinks over the review period. 3. Health conscious Increasing health and hygiene awareness among Pakistanis has greatly increased sales of fruit/vegetable juice products. Both the government and the media have started health awareness campaigns to make Pakistanis realizes that consumption of fruit/ juices is as essential as eating food. Fruit/ juices are doing very well in both urban and rural areas 4. Global hub Since manufacturing of some products is cheaper in Pakistan than in other South East Asian countries 5. Market growth Juices market expands very fast. A new research proves that in future (2012) every person use 85. 5 liters juices per years. Threats 1. Government Regulation They face problem if government employ taxes on them which will force them to raise the price of their product. 2. Increase in competition There is large competition in juices market 3. Entry barrier There are not many entry barriers so a large numbers of local juices enter in juices market. 4. Inflation rate Inflation rate is one of the biggest threats for any industry in Pakistan. Pakistan’s inflation rate is increasing at high rate, which forces the company to increase its prices PEST Analysis Political Forces Labor Bound Labor is being privileged here having all the laws. Nestle company also follow these law like government announce minimum salaries of a employ Rs 6000. Laws on Recruitment Promotion Recruiting promotion is bound by law. People with better capabilities are privileged because they deserve it, for the betterment of the organization. As well as a literate well-skilled experienced person is a precious asset for the company suit should be hired on better term conditions and be promoted on the basis of it capabilities. Green Environment Policies Nestle’s concern for environment is very high, and they are also bound to contribute to produce a better environment. Foreign trade Regulations Foreign trade regulation does not effect the over all policy and the working of the â€Å"Nestle juices† because they operate nationally not internationally. Political instability The political and economical stability also plays a vital role for any industry. In Pakistan government faces ample of difficulties due to terrorism that badly effects the environment of the country. Shortage of electricity is one vital problem in production for the companies. Economic Forces Nestle needs to have enough information about the country inflation rate, economic growth rate, and national per person capital income. Pakistan’s current inflation rate is 6. 7, if there is an increase in inflation rate, the prices of Nestle products will have to be increased, which will lead to ineffectiveness of current marketing strategies. Social Factors Health awareness People of Pakistan are getting more and more health conscious, and as a result Nestle has to provide more healthy nutrients in its products Quality of living Environmental concerns They take into account the standard of living in Pakistan, and also care for a safer environment by developing eco-friendly products. Technological Factors Innovations Product innovation is becoming more necessary for the organization, because of globalization people are becoming aware about the changes being taken place around them so in order to tackle the situation nestle juices is focusing on product innovation by introducing new flavors of juices with the passage of time NESTLE JUICES use new tetra packing like easy open cork of pack. Producing efficiency Automation does not matter a lot but to some extent it contribute towards productivity and improvement. Imported pulp is filled in machines for processing after the final form of juice it is packed in 250 and 1 liter packing. Research Development Spending on RD is long term investment for any organization. Nestle has RD department and it spends about 70million on RD every year. Designing new strategies to promote In this world of today, it is very easy for marketers to communicate with their audience especially through social networking sites like Facebook, twitter etc. Nestle Fruita Vitals is also quite successful in communicating with its consumers. A few days back, they started a campaign with Aliya Bhatt and Varun Dhawan as their â€Å"BRAND AMBASSADORS. † The campaign is a huge hit on the social networking sites as well as media like television and newspapers. NFV is also trying to create an image in the minds of the consumers that when talked about juices, NFV leads the rest. Some recent posts on NFV’s page clearly show that!! There are no arguments when NESTLE FRUITA VITALS takes the center stage! It is also making its customers realize the need in them for NFV!! Wh

Human Responses to Features of Insects and Impact on Media on Image Representation

Human Responses to Features of Insects and Impact on Media on Image Representation The fact that most people express their negative attitudes to some insects is culturally and historically predetermined. Most of the fears that people experience are associated with insects and the consequences of dealing with these creatures. However, these biases are premised on the images and experiences of previous cases of encountering insects.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Responses to Features of Insects and Impact on Media on Image Representation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, many insects are considered the carriers of dangerous diseases and infections that can put human life under the threat. At the same time, some of insects are used in cuisine of certain cultures. The existence of many meanings and contexts in which insects are represented relates to the images in medical journals, mass media representations, or rituals of certain tribes. These shifts are especially important because th ey outline two features of insects – representation of insects as monstrous taboo and that of eating insects for survival. In some cultures, humans consume insects because they are nutritious and they help them to survive. In modern Western society, insects are consumed for entertainment and for the spectacle. As a result, people face their fears while eating insects, but their fears are imposed by the media images that consider this species a threat to human life. The changes in perception of entomophagy demonstrate the promotion of new contextual meanings of consuming insects that play a crucial role in representing the concept of fear in cinematography. Many thrilling and horror movies are premised on the human disgust of insects that are now represented as catalysts of panic and trepidation. In fact, cinematography has become the trigger of new perceptions, and viewers perceive insects not as gustatory experiences, but also as the entertaining ones. The modern concept of entomophagy involves both nutrition meaning, as well as the function of horrifying or pleasing the spectators. The evolution of this discipline also relates to the constantly changing patterns of communication and social interaction. Consuming insects is not only a physical act of food intake.Advertising Looking for essay on biology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rather, it is an experience of eating that is accompanied by communication, audience, and rich experiences. Therefore, the emphasis placed on experience and image introduced by popular culture changes the initial meaning of the ritual of consuming insects. More importantly, it produces new connotations and discourses in which entomophagy embodies new paradigms and transgressions. The tacit meaning can differ due to the diverse cultural orientations and emergence of visual and textual contexts. The spectacle does not only alter the interpretation of entomop hagy, but also introduces new dimensions of research. Mass media promotes destructive and thrilling images and imposes passive influence on audience’s experiences. On the one hand, the created images may either provoke disgust while viewing insects as food or human can become more curious about the insects as objects of fear. On the other hand, stimulating a range of new emotions plays an important role in creating new meanings and dimensions of entomophagy. In conclusion, media images of insects promoted in the past century and at the beginning of twenty-first century have had a potent impact on shifts in understanding science of entomophagy. In particular, insects have now been perceived not only as objects of nutrition and tribal rituals, but also as the objects of entertainment. Emergence of horror pictures of spiders and bugs in cinema industry passively influences human consciousness and makes people create new contextual meanings and roles of insects in a contemporary life.

Calderas - Worlds Largest

Calderas - Worlds Largest Calderas are large craters formed by volcanic explosions or by unsupported surface rock collapsing into empty magma chambers beneath the ground. They sometimes are referred to as supervolcanoes. One way to understand calderas is to think of them as reverse volcanoes. Volcanic eruptions often will be the cause of magma chambers being left empty and leaving  the volcano above unsupported. This can cause the ground above, sometimes an entire volcano, to collapse into the empty chamber. Yellowstone Park Yellowstone Park is perhaps the most well-known caldera in the United States, drawing millions of tourists every year. According to Yellowstones website, the supervolcano was the site of massive eruptions 2.1 million years ago, 1.2 million years ago, and 640,000 years ago. Those eruptions were, respectively, 6,000 times, 70 times, and 2,500 times more powerful than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington. Explosive Force What today is known as Lake Toba in Indonesia is the result of perhaps the greatest volcanic eruption since the dawn of early man. Approximately 74,000 years ago, Mount Tobas eruption produced about 2,500 times more volcanic ash than Mount St. Helens. This led to a volcanic winter that had a devastating effect on the entire human population  of the time. The volcanic winter lasted six years and led to a 1,000-year-long ice age, according to research, and the world population was reduced to about 10,000 adults. Potential Modern Impact Research into how a massive eruption would impact the world day shows the effects to be potentially devastating. One study focusing on Yellowstone suggests another eruption comparable in size to the three biggest ones of the past 2.1 million  years would kill 87,000 people instantly. The volume of ash would be enough to collapse rooftops in states surrounding the park. Everything within about 60 miles would be destroyed, most of the western United States would be covered in about 4 feet of ash, and an ash cloud would spread across the entire planet, casting it in shadow for days. The impact on vegetation could lead to food shortages across the planet. Visiting the Largest Calderas on the Planet Yellowstone is just one of many calderas throughout the world. Like Yellowstone, many of the others can be interesting and fascinating places to visit and to study. Below is a list of the worlds largest calderas: Caldera name Country Location Size(km) Mostrecenteruption La Pacana Chile 23.10 S67.25 W 60 x 35 Pliocene PastosGrandes Bolivia 21.45 S67.51 W 50 x 40 8.3 Ma Kari Kari Bolivia 19.43 S65.38 W 30 Unknown Cerro Galan Argentina 25.57 S65.57 W 32 2.5 Ma Awasa Ethiopia 7.18 N38.48 E 40 x 30 Unknown Toba Indonesia 2.60 N98.80 E 100 x 35 74 ka Tondano Indonesia 1.25 N124.85 E 30 x 20 Quaternary Maroa/Whakamaru NewZealand 38.55 S176.05 E 40 x 30 500 ka Taupo NewZealand 38.78 S176.12 E 35 1,800 yr Yellowstone USA-WY 44.58 N110.53 W 85 x 45 630 ka La Garita USA-CO 37.85 N106.93 W 75 x 35 27.8 Ma Emory USA-NM 32.8 N107.7 W 55 x 25 33 Ma Bursum USA-NM 33.3 N108.5 W 40 x 30 28-29 Ma Longridge(McDermitt) USA-OR 42.0 N117.7 W 33 ~16 Ma Socorro USA-NM 33.96 N107.10 W 35 x 25 33 Ma TimberMountain USA-NV 37 N116.5 W 30 x 25 11.6 Ma ChinatiMountains USA-TX 29.9 N104.5 W 30 x 20 32-33 Ma Long Valley USA-CA 37.70 N118.87 W 32 x 17 50 ka greater MalySemiachik/Pirog Russia 54.11 N159.65 E 50 ~50 ka greater BolshoiSemiachik Russia 54.5 N160.00 E 48 x 40 ~50 ka greaterIchinsky Russia 55.7 N157.75 E 44 x 40 ~50 ka greaterPauzhetka Russia 51 N157 E ~40 300 ka greaterKsudach Russia 51.8 N157.54 E ~35 ~50 ka Source: Cambridge Volcanology Group  caldera database

You can choose the topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

You can choose the topic - Essay Example It has also been noted that consumers are not conscious enough about the pollution that their cars cause the environment. If citizens would opt to use more of the public means of transport as opposed to their cars, then the amount of exhaust gases released to the atmosphere would drastically be reduced. There is a need therefore for the government to take measures to ensure that amount of exhaust gases released by cars is reduced (National Geographic, 2013). Factories powered by fossil fuels release a lot of waste gases to the atmosphere. This is especially pronounced in the developed nations which have vast networks of industries. The exhaust gases released to the atmosphere are mainly carbon dioxide gas and other poisonous gases which significantly cause air pollution. Laxity on the part of the government to ensure that there are constant checks to ensure that gases released are regulated is to blame. Some of these factories are within residential areas and therefore the air polluted poses a significant risk to human health. Some of the gases released may react with rain water to form acidic rains. The government needs to take severer measures to ensure that factories continuously filter the amount of gases they release to the atmosphere to lessen the level of air pollution caused (National Geographic, 2013). Coal is still popular in the US as a source of energy. Coal burns for a long time but unfortunately releases a lot of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. Coal is still significantly being used to generate electricity in the US and in this process it releases millions of volumes of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere. Coal is cheap and is readily available thus it has become a favorite option for power generation. There is a need to find alternative source of energy to combat this pollution caused by coal (National Geographic, 2013). Some of the products used at home also have a

In James Joyce's The Dead discuss the themes of loss and involuntary Research Paper

In James Joyce's The Dead discuss the themes of loss and involuntary memory in relation to Freud's Mourning and Melancholia - Research Paper Example The moment of epiphany at Gretta’s revelation has a serious effect on Gabriel’s mind and he, in a state of mourning, loses interest in his life and develops a feeling a disregard for his own â€Å"self†. The hero of the story â€Å"The Dead† apparently seems to be a star of the show at his aunts’ party. He has been given the honor of delivering after-dinner speech. But when we see this man in the company of people we find that this man lacks self confidence and is not sure what impact his speech would make on the people. Perhaps he is aware of the hollowness of his words. The bubble of his self confidence bursts when he comes to know that his wife compares him with her past lover who is dead. Gabriel felt ashamed that he was being compared with a dead person and in this comparison the dead person was regarded superior to him. The consciousness about his diminutive self made him melancholic and â€Å"he saw himself as a ludicrous figure, acting as a penny-boy for his aunts, a nervous, well-meaning sentimentalist, orating to vulgarians and idealizing his own clownish lusts, the pitiable fatuous fellow he had caught a glimpse of in the mirror† (Joyce 150). This feeling of disillusionment and loss experienced by Gabriel is not the expression of individual rather it is going to be an elegy of a country or a nation. Joyce himself was writing his collection Dubliners in a broader context. Explaining his authorial intent for writing Dubliners, he states, â€Å"My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis† ( qtd. in Friedrich 421). The story â€Å" The sisters† acted as the prologue of this elegiac epic while â€Å" The dead† was its inevitable â€Å"coda†(421). Gabriel seems to be a mouthpiece of Joyce and Noon traces some autobiographical implications of Joyce’s personality in the character of Gabriel and finds that it is difficult for the reader to â€Å" separate the ‘moral history’ of the city from the self-portrait of the artist†(254). Gabriel here is mourning the loss of the city (Dublin) which is the center of paralysis and like his writer shows anger and sorrow towards Ireland (Noon 255). Gabriel is reminded by Miss Ivors that he has lost his link with Irish identity and he has become a â€Å" West Briton†. She suggests that he should feel ashamed of himself for that. He also likes to spend vacations in Europe instead of Ireland. His talk about Ireland offends nationalist in Miss Ivor and she leaves of party early in an indignant mood. Gabriel in his speech Gabriel’s constant resort to his past through his memory is actually the cause of his emotional distrust and his neurotic cynicism with his present situation. We try to recollect our past through an attempt to access our sub-conscious memory. This we do voluntarily . But sometimes our unconscious invades our consciousness through recurring bouts of involuntary memory. Joyce’s technique of â€Å" stream of consciousness† works in this paradigm of voluntary and involuntary memory. Gabriel’s sense of loss is strengthened by these sudden infiltrations of involuntary memory which make him compare his present with his past. This comparison ultimately leads him to a situation where he develops a feeling of disillusionment with his present. This stylistic technique is the hallmark of James Joyce through which his characters come to recollect their past. This activity

All About Personal and Professional Health Care Essay Example for Free

All About Personal and Professional Health Care Essay Health care communication is an important practice in the treatment of a patient. Ensuring effective communication can help the patient understand their state of health. The Meaning and Nature of Healthcare Communication Healthcare communication involves an efficient line of communication between medical professionals, clients, and patient. A vital component of healthcare communication is the ability to share information that can enhance a patient’s knowledge. This is important in assuring quality healthcare (Williams, 2007). Personal healthcare communication is vital in promoting a physician’s understanding through discussion and support groups. Healthcare communication considers factors such as the attitude of the patient, their behavior and belief which could have an impact on how the physician can improve the quality of health care (Williams, 2007). In addition, it requires empathy and understanding from the physician when communicating with their patients. An effective way of achieving effective communication is to get feedbacks from the person getting the information. The healthcare practitioner should carefully evaluate if the client can understand the message being relayed (Williams, 2007). One of the most effective ways of achieving an effective healthcare communication is by conducting a personal interview. This method will help determining the accuracy of information regarding their condition. The psychosocial aspects of the patient’s conditions can be considered when conducting the interview (Williams, 2007). The Relevance of Healthcare Communication An effective professional health care communication can improve the health outcome of a patient. The health care professional can utilize various guidelines to achieve effective healthcare communication. It can help the healthcare practitioner to establish a better understanding of the condition and history of their patients (Williams, 2007). In addition, effective healthcare communication can increase the patient’s satisfaction and knowledge of treatment and its possible outcomes. Without effective healthcare communication, the patient will not have a clear understanding of the state of their health. As a result, they are more likely to spend more on healthcare, take the wrong medication, and become depressed (Williams, 2007). The Principles of Therapeutic Communication The Talking Cure In the early history of health care, therapists or in this case health care professionals rarely say a word. Usually, the best way they understand the condition of their patient is through listening but they never communicate. However, it is likely to practice a non-threatening way of communicating with patients and will not hurt their self-esteem (Wachtel, 2008). In this process, the healthcare professional conceals their real message in a meta-message, which can both be demonstrated in a manner that would make it likely to address the conflicting issue which the patient has avoided (Wachtel, 2008). The manner of delivery by the therapist can have a huge effect on the patient compared to the real message. Most of the time, what the therapist says lowers the self-esteem or confidence of the patient (Wachtel, 2008). In this practice, the therapist must be consistent in monitoring their part in the therapeutic session (Wachtel, 2008). Cyclical Psychodynamics The theory of cyclical psychodynamics utilizes a series of repetitive cycles of communication between people. It combines views from interpersonal dynamics and behavioral and family systems (Wachtel, 2008). The cyclical psychodynamics theory states that people live in a contextual life and their behavior is always related to an individual or object. In therapeutic communication, it is important for the health care professional to understand the roots of the patient’s difficulties (Wachtel, 2008). Cyclical psychodynamics focuses on understanding the cause of the patient’s anxiety. The difficulty of a patient can be rooted from their early knowledge of being afraid of their feelings, thoughts, and inclinations. The aim of therapy in this sense is to help the patient refocus these feelings and integrate them into a complete life (Wachtel, 2008). One aim of therapeutic communication is to direct the patient to a variation of the truth that would help them see new possibilities in their life and to modify life patterns that have been responsible for their difficulties. By using meta-messages, the therapist will help the patient affirm, acknowledge, and understand their feelings (Wachtel, 2008). Other therapeutic techniques provide a different climate, focusing on inhibition, silence and non-engagement from the therapist. With cyclical psychodynamics, however, the health care professional is more involved in the therapeutic process (Wachtel, 2008). Conclusion Healthcare communication involves an efficient line of communication between medical professionals, clients, and patient. A vital component of healthcare communication is the ability to share information that can enhance a patient’s knowledge. This is important in assuring quality healthcare. An effective professional health care communication can improve the health outcome of a patient. The health care professional can utilize various guidelines to achieve effective healthcare communication. It can help the healthcare practitioner to establish a better understanding of the condition and history of their patients. Effective healthcare communication can increase the patient’s satisfaction and knowledge of treatment and its possible outcomes. Without effective healthcare communication, the patient will not have a clear understanding of the state of their health. As a result, they are more likely to spend more on healthcare, take the wrong medication, and become depressed. In the early history of health care, therapists or in this case health care professionals rarely say a word. Usually, the best way they understand the condition of their patient is through listening but they never communicate. However, it is likely to practice a non-threatening way of communicating with patients and will not hurt their self-esteem. In this process, the healthcare professional conceals their real message in a meta-message, which can both be demonstrated in a manner that would make it likely to address the conflicting issue which the patient has avoided Cyclical psychodynamics focuses on understanding the cause of the patient’s anxiety. The difficulty of a patient can be rooted from their early knowledge of being afraid of their feelings, thoughts, and inclinations. The aim of therapy in this sense is to help the patient refocus these feelings and integrate them into a complete life. With cyclical psychodynamics, the patient is directed to a variation of the truth that would help them see new possibilities in their life and to modify life patterns that have been responsible for their difficulties. By using meta-messages, the therapist will help the patient affirm, acknowledge, and understand their feelings. Compared with other therapeutic techniques, which focuses on inhibition, silence and non-engagement from the therapist, cyclical psychodynamics involves more involvement and participation by the health care professional in the therapeutic process

Willy Russells Our Day Out Essay -- Willy Russell Our Day Out Essays

Willy Russell's "Our Day Out" Willy Russell has written many plays over the last thirty years, but there is one feature that is common to all of them: the issue of social and cultural background. This is the situation of the characters; their surroundings; their class; the society in which they are brought up, and the culture of that society. It is this that can lead to the behaviour, feelings, opinions and general outlook of the characters. Russell explores the effects that society and culture can have on people in all his plays, but in none is it so poignant as in 'Our Day Out', the story of what happens when Mrs Kay takes her Progress class out of inner-city Liverpool on a school trip to Conwy Castle, Wales. Throughout 'Our Day Out' the issue of social and cultural background is ever-present, but it is discussed and conveyed in many different forms; the colloquial dialect Russell uses; the symbolism that is featured; the behaviour and attitudes of the children; the way that people react to these children, and the insights we get into their family lives. Willy Russell himself said that he writes for the theatre because 'it's concerned with the spoken rather than the written word'. In 'Our Day Out' we see the importance of the spoken word through the language that the children use. Having grown up and taught at a Comprehensive school in Liverpool, Russell knows the Liverpudlian dialect perfectly, and he uses his knowledge to give a truly representative feel to the play. The children use words such as 'agh'ey', 'ooer', and 'nott'n', and the authentic language that the children use help to make the play feel more real. Because Russell writes the words as they would be spoken in a Liverpudlian acce... ...ry isn't. The poignancy and intensity of the play is somewhat masked in places by the comedy, but we do catch glimpses of the hopeless, desperate situation these children are facing. As Mrs Kay says, 'Ten years ago you could teach them to stand in a line, you could teach them to obey, to expect little more than a lousy factory job. But now they haven't even got that to aim for. There's nothing for them to do, any of them; most of them were born for factory fodder, but the factories have closed down.' Throughout the play this is the underlying tone, and the subtle way that Russell conveys this message heightens the effect when it comes. This day out is simply an oasis; one day of fun out of their whole lives, and at the end of it we see how the glimmer of something bright and beautiful makes it all the harder to turn your eyes back to the grey and mundane.

Blanche’s Madness Essay

Blanche DuBois in Tennesse William’s A Streetcar Named Desire suffers from living in a culture dominated by men, the human condition of desire and the insecurity and madness that follow; sexuality and her self-pressure to maintain self worth are the source of her cast off from society. The madness is launched when she loses her money, family, husband, job, and continues to lose her youthful appearance. Blanche’s insanity can be deemed acceptable from the surface because of her losses, but the way in which Blanche handles her situation oozes insecurity and hints that the loss of sanity is inevitable in Blanche; her insecurity stems from her dependence on men and hergluttony to fulfill her whims which escalates to society’s lack of acceptance. A true sign of extreme insecurity in Blanche is her creation of a false, dignified persona based on lies. She builds herself a world of fantasy to escape from the troubles that surround her. A symbol of this in the play is the paper lantern Blanche places over the â€Å"bare lightbulb† (Willaims 42). She tells Stanley â€Å"It’s only a paper moon, just as phony as it can be – but it wouldn’t be make-believe if you believed in me! † (Williams 100). The light bulb of the lamp signifies Blanche’s inner essence and the â€Å"paper moon† is the artificial personality she lays on top of herself. This is mainly in attempts to receive compliments and thus assurance of self from the men around her. She goes so far as to admit she was â€Å"fishing for a compliment† (Williams 89) from Stanley. Blanche’s total inability to reassure herself is a piece in the puzzle of her impending madness, and a sign of the male dominated and run society of the 1950’s. The human condition involves attachment and therefore desire; this is a major factor in Blanche’s regression process that she cannot control. Both Stella and Blanche desire freedom, beauty, love and most of all, sex. To satisfy her desire Blanche puts forth her sexuality. As her regression thickens she festers and does not know â€Å"how much longer [she] can turn the trick† (Williams 79) a fact that propels her insanity. Blanche’s encroaching on the young man and exclaiming â€Å"it would be nice to keep you, but I’ve got to be good—and keep my hands of children† (Williams 84) is one of the ignals of her desire to remain young and relive her teenage bliss, which also propels her downfall. Blanche pines for an escape from the financial and personal woes she has created for herself; the only road she sees to escape is with a man. Blanche uses her sexuality to reassure herself and head for an escape. This is another example of Blanche’s inability to care for herself and to become accepting of her situation without a man in the picture. She says â€Å"I want to deceive him enough to make him—want me†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Williams 81). This statement from Blanche provides insight on her insecurity and dependence on a man to rescue her. William’s uses a dash and an ellipsis in her statement to create the uncertainty of her speech. Mitch and Blanche are not compatible but Blanch desperately seeks an escape from the difficult circumstances of her life. Even when Blanche is being taken away she refuses to listen to the Matron but says to the male doctor â€Å"I have always depended on the kindness of strangers† (Williams 142). Blanche’s final vision consists of a male taking her to safety—or rescuing her, because she cannot rescue herself. This could be seen as rational, however, because the doctor is a licensed professional and Blanche has suffered through a difficult time. Blanche is in fact shrouded with insecurity and immaturity, but through her the loss of her plantation and job this could be deemed reasonable. She has nothing left in the world, and due to the time period the only way out she sees is with men. While she is floundering between her losses she turns to her sexual desires to keep herself afloat. Blanche could have handled her situation with more grace, but her madness could be seen as reasonable on the surface.

Descartes Existence of God Essay

The existence of God has been a question since the idea of God was conceived. Descartes tries to prove Gods existence, to disprove his Evil demon theory, and to show that there is without a doubt something external to ones own existence. He is looking for a definite certainty, a foundation for which he can base all of his beliefs and know for a fact that they are true. Descartes overall project is to find a definite certainty on which he can base all his knowledge and beliefs. A foundation that he will be able to prove without a doubt. To find a definite certainty he uses a methodical doubt, this states that anything that could be doubted must be taken as false. This is done to find an absolute certainty for which to base all knowledge. Descartes develops his Evil Genius theory to bring doubt to all senses and hence making them false. The theory says that it is possible that there is someone (an evil genius) who is controlling our mind. If so we wouldn’t be sure whether or not what we see was real or just a dream, therefore all of our senses would be doubtable and thus taken as false. This theory proves that nothing external is certain and must be proven false to continue his quest for truth and certainty. Descartes second meditation gives a definite certainty for which to use as his foundation to build his beliefs. Then his third meditation proves the existence of God and the external world, while disproving the evil genius theory. That definite certainty that cannot be doubted, is the fact that I exist. Whenever I utter or think â€Å"I am† I know this to be absolutely true, without doubt. From this definite foundation Descartes tries to prove that there is something external to the mind. So he states the law of casualty. This basically says that nothing can be created from nothing, and that the less perfect can not create something more perfect or better than itself. Then if there is an idea in our minds that we didn’t create, something else created it. If God is more perfect than us, then we could not have created God but God created us. Descartes then wrote about the idea of God. He said that God is infinite and could not have been created by us because God is more perfect than us thus undoubtable and certain. The idea that God exists disproves the Evil Genius theory therefore proves the existence of an external world. Anslem and Descartes’ theories both prove that there is a God and they both use some similar ideas in their premises’. For instance, they both rely on the faith that there is an idea of God; he is perfect and self evident. God could not have been conceived if there wasn’t a God. Though, Descartes says that the less perfect can not create something more perfect or better than itself, and that we are less perfect than God therefore we could not have created God. So, this proves the existence of God and an external world. On the other hand, Anslem says Existence is greater than conception and nothing greater can be conceived then God. Therefore God must exist. In my opinion descatres has successfully proven the existence of God as well as one can because he started from the beginning and logically found a true foundation of beliefs and from there proved the existence of God and an external world. consequently making our senses less doubtable, and more certain.