Expert Guide How Many Times Should You Take the SAT

Master Guide How Many Times Should You Take the SAT SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips How often would you be able to take the SAT? Is there a breaking point in case you're retaking it to achieveyour perfect score? For what reason would you need to continue enduring this high stakestest, in any case? There are a few convincing motivations to take the SAT more than once, yet you additionally shouldn't go absolutely over the edge. How about we go overwhen you should retake the SAT, and when it may be an ideal opportunity to proceed onward. Motivations to Take the SAT More Than Once Understudies quite often improve when they retake the SAT.When you take the SAT,you gain valuablereal test experience that causes youfigure out how to deal with your time and manage pressure. Youmight experience certain issues that stump youand become familiar with the ideas youmissed out on for next time. Since theycan set aside some effort to examine and improve, bunches of understudies decide to take the SAT more than once to improve the scores they'll at last add to their school applications. A few understudies deliberately develop their SAT score segment by area. In the event that your school superscores your test resultsor takes the most elevated scores by area over all the timeyou sat for the test, at that point you could hypothetically concentrate on Math for one test date, Reading for another date, and Writing and Language for the third. While you shouldn't regard any segment as an expendable segment, since a significant disparity in scores could raise warnings both to your universities and the College Board, this methodology is one approach to truly sharpen your insight in one territory and conceivably accomplish close impeccable segment scores each test date in turn. In the event that you scoreworse than you expected to on the SAT, you may have had an accident test. There could have been a significant section that simply didn't sound good to you, or possibly you were worn out, debilitated, or diverted that day. If so, you should plan for the following test at the earliest opportunity. So in case you're probably going to improve your SAT scores each time you step through the examination, would it be advisable for you to simply continue taking it again and again until you hit flawlessness? Would you be able to Take the SAT an Unlimited Number of Times? How often would you be able to take the SAT? Actually, you can accept the SAT the same number of times as you need! There are no limitations for enrolling for and stepping through the examination. There are 7 test dates consistently, so the main furthest reaches that remains in your wayis time. Numerous schools permit you to utilize Score Choice, or to single out which scores from which test dates you need to send as a major aspect of your school application. Not all schools bolster the utilization of Score Choice, in any case, and they take it on great confidence that you'll send every one of your scores. Some striking schools with a send all scores strategy incorporate Yale, Stanford, Cornell, Carnegie Mellon, and the University of California. So on the off chance that you can utilize Score Choice to send just a few scores and keep the rest hidden, and you have the opportunity and cash to keep retesting, at that point in fact you could accept the SAT the same number of times as you need. Yet, on the off chance that your schools don't utilize Score Choice and you are relied upon to send all your grades alongside your application, how often retaking the SAT is too much? What number of SAT Tests Is Too Many? In case you're applying to schools that require all scores, similar to the ones referenced above, I would suggest not taking the SAT in excess of multiple times. In the event that you take the SAT this numerous or more occasions, you may be imparting the sign that you're not paying attention to the test enough to prepare each time or that you experience a great deal of difficulty improving your scores. The SAT is intended to test all understudies on a level playing field and decide their status for school, so it wouldn't look all thatstrong to need to take the testmore than multiple times to perform well. While genuine test experience is important, you additionally will gaina parcel from engaged and deliberate test prep. Perhapsyou continue retaking the SAT and your scores are not improving as much as you'd like. Instead of asking, How often would i be able to take the SAT? you ought to reconsideryour test prep approach. It is safe to say that you are truly revealing and focusing on your shaky areas and filling in your insight holes? Is it accurate to say that you are timing yourself when you take practice tests to rehearse your pacing? Is it true that you know about the best methodologies for examining the Reading entries or composing the paper? By sharpening your way to deal with test prep and truly investing the energy and exertion to examine, you ought to have the option to accomplish your objective scores inside a couple of organizations of the SAT. Other than what unreasonable retesting shows about how you're preparing for the SAT, it additionally probably won't be the best thought for a couple of different reasons. Arranging your SAT testing plan is about parity. Reasons Not to Overtake the SAT To begin with, it's critical to assume responsibility for your test prep, analyze your qualities and shortcomings, and make sense of what you have to do to improve your scores. Aside from this, you're presumably likewise stepping through different exams, similar to finals or the SAT Subject Tests, alongside the entirety of your homework, network administration, and clubs or sports that require your consideration. You wouldn't have any desire to fail now in your secondary school vocation by redirecting consideration away from these different interests, as these are likewise all key pieces of your school application. In addition, except if you're superhuman or exceptionally gifted at reflecting, sitting for the SATtends to include pressure and anxiety.Getting genuine test experience is useful in instructing you to manage your nerves, quiet yourself down, and center, however you additionally don't have to get yourself through this too often. Taking the SAT beyond what multiple times might turn into an exercise in futility, cash, and vitality. Once more, while you can have an accident testing experience and score a lot of lower than you should, you additionally would prefer not to regard any tests as expendable tests. It's essential to pay attention to each test so you can get a genuine feeling of your aptitudes and scoring limit. You can utilize this equivalent mindsetwith practice tests - by recreating testing conditions and timing yourself, you can expand on your testing experience and make sense of what you have to realize and practice to help your scores. Like with everything else you're associated with through school and outside of school, taking the SAT is about equalization. In the event that you set and adhere to an investigation plan and testing plan, at that point you'll have the option to locate the fair compromise between testing time after time andtesting excessively little. Belowis one normal guide that works for a great deal of secondary school understudies. SAT Study Plan and Testing Schedule Guide This course of events is successful for a ton of understudies and gives you an opportunity to prepare and retake the SAT a couple of times to hit your objective scores. As opposed to scouring for test dates to make sense of how frequently would you be able to take the SAT, you can have everything arranged out ahead of time. 1.Study for the SAT the late spring before junior year. You can utilize online prep, answer SAT Questions of the Day, print official practice tests, attempt test questions, and study from books. 2. Register for and take your first genuine SAT test in the fall of junior year. Contingent upon how you do, you can later enlist for the test once more. 3. In case you're retaking the SAT, you can prepare throughout the winter of junior year and take the SAT again in the spring. You may likewise be stepping through SAT Subject Examinations toward the finish of the school year. In the event that you despite everything aren't scoring where you need to score, at that point you can join to take the SAT in the fall of your senior year. 4. Put a great deal of exertion into test prep the late spring among junior and senior year. Make sense of what you were absent on the initial two organizations of the test, become familiar with the ideas, and apply them through training issues. You need to do all that you can to plan, as this test in the fall will probably be your last possibility. 5. Step through the most readily accessible examination senior year, before you get excessively occupied with homework and your late spring considering is new in your brain. This would be in October for the SAT. In the event that you feel this test turned out poorly, you may have the option to retake it once again, contingent upon your school cutoff times. This is likewise not a perfect opportunity to take the SAT, as you'll be occupied with wrapping up and sending off the remainder of your application. In case you don't know whether your scores will be sent to your universities in time, unquestionably call or email the confirmations office and inquire as to whether they'll acknowledge these scores.They may sit tight for your scoreseven in the event that they show up after the expressed cutoff time, yet you can't bet on this except if they've revealed to you this unequivocally. Aggressive understudies who feel they can accomplish a high score significantly prior in their secondary school vocation may decide to push this timetable forward a year.You could begin preparing as a ninth or tenth grader, take the SAT all through sophomore year, and be good to go with yourscores before youeven start the remainder of the application procedure. In case you're a solid, scholastically accomplishing understudy, you may as of now have the math, perusing, and composing abilities you have to score exceptionally on the SAT before you even arrive at junior year. Much the same as with your test prep, it's imperative to ponder what works best for you. As everybody has various inclinations, qualities, and shortcomings, there's nobody size fits all way to deal with reading for and taking the SAT. This testing plan works for a great deal of understudies, at the end of the day it's dependent upon you to choose and adhere to the timetable that will permit you to play out your best. To Sum Up: How Many Times Should You Take the SAT? Around multiple times of sitting for the SAT (now and again more, now and then less) should probably be sufficient for you to arrive at your objective scores, alongside a lot more practice tests and viable test prep all alone. Try not to disparage the intensity of prep in helping you ace the SAT. At long last however, you shouldn't be reluctant to step through genuine exams, as they are important preparing encounters and you can quite often improve your scores or compensate for an off day. Give yourself enough test dates so you don't come up short on

Analysis and Critique on French Education System Free Essays

As I would like to think, the French instruction framework is defective and undeserving. Meisler depicts for us in energized detail, the torment that French understudies experience in their schooldays. It is additionally generally simple for me to comprehend this situation in light of the fact that in my nation, India, the scene is strikingly comparable. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigation and Critique on French Education System or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now It is additionally the explanation that I am here right nowâ€in the United States getting the advantages of the best undergrad framework in the worldâ€to bring home with me the accumulation of a â€Å"liberal† instruction. I discover the absence of French understudies in an American organization amazing. Most likely French guardians will think and reevaluate before settling on a decision between their child†s future and the haughtiness of their country†s culture. Do they truly need chance their youngsters to experience a framework where the possibility of getting the baccalaureate degree is just one out of three? What is the purpose of â€Å"attempting† to get instruction? The country†s proficiency rate peruses ninety-nine percent yet Meisler shows that 66% of France is without a presumed degree. These measurements are unfathomable in the remainder of the world. Understudies who do figure out how to get this degree get big name treatment and many proceed to become Nobel laureates. By and by, what of the individuals who not make it? They carry on with a dark life, influenced by their disappointment until their perishing day. This additionally happens to be the explanation behind France†s derisive conduct towards sightseers. One regularly runs over a French server or low-level official or store agent carrying on protectively as they had finished with their educators, urgently attempting to dodge dissatisfaction. Dread being their inspiration as opposed to the quest for progress. French instruction apparently lectures that France is the world and that there is nothing past. Meisler has brought up an emblematic model when he says that, in English, individuals typically attempt to pass judgment fair and square of understanding of the individual with whom they are talking. They at that point attempt to adjust to a similar frequency so the discussion continues with least trouble. Be that as it may, to the French, this is an outsider idea. On the off chance that you can't talk the ideal language structure that they as kids have been instructed in medieval style, you become an untouchable. I think the French need to adjust their way of thinking and look past characterizing â€Å"education† as â€Å"academics†. There is considerably more to total instruction than exactness of brain, order of language and a colossal store of memory. They need to understand that Nobel laureates don't mean much until they are delegates of their whole nation. In spite of the fact that France may have had a few more Nobel laureates than the United States, it has accomplished this at a cost. The cost of dismissing their â€Å"lesser† residents. The United States then again has gone the Darwinian wayâ€the procedure of normal selectionâ€and has let the individuals find themselves and bring the best out in them. They have not had them shaped to become unrivaled beingsâ€which in my jargon peruses as â€Å"robots†Ã¢â‚¬which thusly is characterized in the Webster word reference as â€Å"an proficient coldhearted individual who works consequently. † The French training framework is in urgent need of a total upgrade. Something else, their country will lose the entirety of the little significance that they have on the planet today due to their boldness and self-importance. France is and will be simply a furious yapping poodle amidst uninterested, lazing bulldogs. Instructions to refer to Analysis and Critique on French Education System, Papers

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available by no later than 7:30 PM EST today, March 20th. For some students, you will be offered a place on our wait list. Every year our office has to predict approximately how many students we can admit in order to enroll our freshman class, but we can never be sure how many students will enroll until after the May 1 commitment deposit deadline has passed. If the number of students who say they will be attending UGA is lower than we expect, we may need to go to our wait list group in order to get the size that we want for our freshman class. Every year we have about 1,000 students on the wait list. We carefully monitor the deposits coming into the University to see where we are in comparison to the predicted freshman numbers. For those of you who have been wait-listed, here is a chance for you to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted. The Wait List FAQ can answer some questions, but the most important thing you need to do is decide if you want to remain on the wait list. Follow the instructions on the status check or wait list letter we mailed to let us know if you want to stay on the wait list or if you want to decline this option and move forward with admission at another college. If you decide to stay on the wait list, you should still move forward with an alternate college plan as we will not know about any wait list options until May at the earliest. If you select to stay on the wait list, we will know that you still want to attend UGA if an opportunity opens up. The key word in wait list is wait as this is not a quick process. So please be prepared to wait. There are three options for the wait list reply. You can say no, please do not consider me for the wait list. The next option is to remain on the wait list, but only if it is for the Fall term. The third option is to remain on the wait list and be considered for both Fall and Spring terms. This is so that if there is space available for the Fall term, we will look at all of the students who have asked to remain on the wait list. If the only space available is for Spring term, we will only look at students who said Fall or Spring. Once you select an option, you cannot change it so be sure to think about your decision before you make your selection. We will not know details about the wait list until after May 15, and it may be well after that. Please be patient with our office and read the FAQ before asking questions as it can give you a great deal of information. If you do not feel like you can wait until mid-May through mid-June for a decision, it may be that the wait list option is not for you.

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2015 Wait Listed Freshman Post We plan to make the final wave of freshman decisions available by no later than 7:30 PM EST today, March 20th. For some students, you will be offered a place on our wait list. Every year our office has to predict approximately how many students we can admit in order to enroll our freshman class, but we can never be sure how many students will enroll until after the May 1 commitment deposit deadline has passed. If the number of students who say they will be attending UGA is lower than we expect, we may need to go to our wait list group in order to get the size that we want for our freshman class. Every year we have about 1,000 students on the wait list. We carefully monitor the deposits coming into the University to see where we are in comparison to the predicted freshman numbers. For those of you who have been wait-listed, here is a chance for you to comment. Please remember that this is not a blog where you should post statistics or throw fellow classmates under the bus. These types of comments will be deleted. The Wait List FAQ can answer some questions, but the most important thing you need to do is decide if you want to remain on the wait list. Follow the instructions on the status check or wait list letter we mailed to let us know if you want to stay on the wait list or if you want to decline this option and move forward with admission at another college. If you decide to stay on the wait list, you should still move forward with an alternate college plan as we will not know about any wait list options until May at the earliest. If you select to stay on the wait list, we will know that you still want to attend UGA if an opportunity opens up. The key word in wait list is wait as this is not a quick process. So please be prepared to wait. There are three options for the wait list reply. You can say no, please do not consider me for the wait list. The next option is to remain on the wait list, but only if it is for the Fall term. The third option is to remain on the wait list and be considered for both Fall and Spring terms. This is so that if there is space available for the Fall term, we will look at all of the students who have asked to remain on the wait list. If the only space available is for Spring term, we will only look at students who said Fall or Spring. Once you select an option, you cannot change it so be sure to think about your decision before you make your selection. We will not know details about the wait list until after May 15, and it may be well after that. Please be patient with our office and read the FAQ before asking questions as it can give you a great deal of information. If you do not feel like you can wait until mid-May through mid-June for a decision, it may be that the wait list option is not for you.

The Reasons For Anti Globalization Protests - 1263 Words

Introduction According to Al-Rodhan, Globalization is defined as the process of integration across the whole world uprising from the interchange of values and ideas of different aspects including political, economical, social, environmental and cultural aspects. Advancements in technology made the process of globalization go further in recent decades. It favors people to communicate, travel and exchange the ideas. However, a coin has two sides. There are different problems carried out by the globalization. Therefore, anti-globalization protests are common in recent years. To a certain extent, it is different to Marx’s critique of the problems of capitalism in 19th century Europe. In the following essay, the reasons for anti-globalization protests will be examined and the comparison between capitalism in 19th century and now. Problems depicted by the Anti-globalization protestors Although there are many benefits brought by globalization, drawbacks are involved. Anti-globalization protesters such as Greenpeace and Anti-WTO focus on the problems created by global capitalism like uneven wealth distribution and Monopoly. According to the Jagdish Bhagwati (2004), â€Å"Globalization is the cause of social ills†. It seems that social problems and globalization are highly related. In the following part, the problems will be discussed in economical and environmental aspects. Economical aspect 1.Uneven wealth distribution Under the impacts of globalization, some countries had economicShow MoreRelatedReaction Paper- Reclaiming the Commons1627 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor defines what anti-globalization movement means in her own words. The meaning and origins of the term anti-globalization movement is disputed amongst various socialists and economists, but Klein says that anti-globalization movement can mean different things to different people based on their interests in a particular issue. It is therefor the movement of many movements. Before going in depth about the article, it is important to know from where the idea of anti-globalization comes from and howRead MoreVenezuelan Crisis: Grounds for Revolution? Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesOn February 12th 2014, college students from different institutions all across Venezuela stormed the streets in protest against the economic crisis that is still facing their country today. These student protesters claim that the protests are a result of the scarcity of goods, high rates of criminal violence, and inflation within the country. They believed that both the current and previous governments are responsible for the horrible conditions within the country because of economic policies thatRead MoreEssay on Anti Globalization3397 Words   |  14 PagesAntiglobalization Anti-globalization is a term used to describe the political stance of individuals and groups who oppose the neoliberal form of globalization (using the term globalization in a doctrinal sense not a literal one). Anti-globalization is also used to refer to opposition to international integration (using the term globalization in a literal sense not a doctrinal one). Anti-globalization can denote either a single social movement or an umbrella term that encompasses a number ofRead MoreEssay on Globalization: The WTO is Killing People 3025 Words   |  13 PagesSince 2006, more than 500 Bangladeshi workers have died in factory fires, according to Clean Clothes Campaign, an anti-sweatshop advocacy group in Amsterdam. Experts say many of the fires could have easily been avoided if the factories had taken the right precautions. Many factories are in cramped neighborhoods and have too few fire escapes, and they widely flout safety measures. The industry employs more than three million worke rs in Bangladesh, most of them women. Activists say that global clothingRead MoreHow Organizations Are Open Systems Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesor both. This essay is based on organization s internal and external environment in today s modern economy. It also discusses the drivers of globalization and effects of globalization on organization s environment. Firstly, it is important to understand the definition of globalization as there are many definitions. Secondly, the drivers of globalization are discussed in this essay including the history, aim and role of World Trade Organization. Further, the relationship between organization sRead MoreOrganization s Internal And External Environment Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay is based on organization s internal and external environment in today s modern economy. It also discusses the drivers of globalization and effects of globalization on organization s environment. Firstly, it is important to understand the definition of globalization as there are many definitions. Secondly, the drivers of globalization are discussed in this essay including the history, aim and role of World Trade Organization. Further, the relationship between organization s internalRead MoreIndia s Break From The British Raj1652 Words   |  7 Pagesforced upon them by the British to show how this resistance movement was successful and brought about change. A significant question that I want to answer in this paper is, what does India’s example of resistance show us about both imperialism and globalization? To effectively analyze their resistance movement, we must consider the many causes for the tension and need for separation, the nature of the resistance movement, and most importantly, whether or not it was effective. From my research, I learnedRead MoreSocial Media Has Become A Political Outlet For Civilians Of The Interconnected World2607 Words   |  11 Pagesr egimes but also expressions of a crisis caused by the imbalanced social order brought upon by neoliberal policies (Bogaert, 2013). During this time, citizenry relied heavily on social media to spread information and promote insurgent agendas. Globalization and the technological facets of our hegemonic society have allowed for regular civilians to become part of the political system as exemplified through the use of social media during the Arab Spring. December 2010 was the commencement of a milestoneRead MoreNegative Effects Of Globalization1361 Words   |  6 PagesFor many individual’s globalization is seen as being a process â€Å"of increasing of economic connections across various boarders around the world. It is a process that entails production and services of materials in which are usually outsourced across international borders.† (Das, 2017). Although globalization has the power to increase trade across the world, this has also resulted in multinational corporations using developing nations in order to obtain an efficient amount of production due to takingRead MoreNational Security Requires a Clear Acknowledgement of the Shifting of Power and Peace1061 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction â€Å"To succeed, we must face the world as it is† (Obama, 2010, p.1). Globalization has resulted in interconnecting the world in such a manner that was unimaginable even two decades ago. No longer can any state, nation, or people expect to remain an island. Indeed, as we are interconnected, so too are our fates. If the United States is to ensure security and prosperity for her citizens now and for future generations, we must clearly acknowledge that part we play in the continuum of shifting

The Extent to Which Psychological Theories Have Been...

The Extent to Which Psychological Theories Have Been Successful in Explaining Attachments There are various psychological theories to regard as which have been successful in explaining attachments and I will be explaining the majority of them. Sigmund Freud developed a theory of personality - an explanation of how each individuals personality develops. This theory can be used to explain many aspects of behaviour, including attachment. Feud proposed that attachment grows out of the feeding relationship. In essence Freud claimed that infants are born with an innate drive to seek pleasure. He called this the pleasure principle, and suggested that one structure of the personality (id) was†¦show more content†¦The relationship with the primary caregiver acts as a template for all later relationships However, the classic experiments of Harry Harlow (1959) on rhesus monkeys demonstrated that this theory was inadequate. This study concerned rhesus monkeys who were raised on their own by two wire mothers. One wire mother had a feeding bottle attached and the other and the other was wrapped in soft cloth but offered no cloth. According to the learning theory, the young monkeys should have become attached to the mother associated with food and offering drive reduction. In fact, the monkeys spent most time with the cloth-covered mother and would cling to it especially when they were frightened. These studies suggest that cupboard love is not likely to be an explanation for attachment, though we must remember that this research concerned monkeys and it may not be wholly appropriate to generalise the findings to human behaviour. Schaffer and Emerson (1964) conducted an important study observing the development of attachments in 60 infants who came largely from working-class homes in Glasgow. The infants were observed over a period of a year in their homes. The results of the study proved that infants were not most attached to the person who fed them, nor to the person who spent most time with them. They were most attached to the person who was most responsive and interactedShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Organisational Commitment Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesorganisation by establishing a relationship in psychological state. 2: Famous and remarkable definition of organisational commitment: Firstly, the relative strength of an employee’s identification with and participation in a particular organisation (Porter et al., 1974). Secondly, the psychological attachment and the degree to which the individual make subjective or personal characteristics of the organisation (O’ Reilly lll and Chatman., 1986). Thirdly, a psychological state that bonds the individual withRead MoreThe Historical Conditions For Economic Development1627 Words   |  7 Pagesexplanation that allies political economy and price theory. We agree that this approach gives a more satisfying discussion of the formulations and issues with better answers to the big questions than do the different narratives. Our collaboration affirms that the combination of the economic theory with expertise in the history of Europe and China makes for better economic history. While we tackle a key issue in the economic history we study any grand theory. Or rather we search to develop a group ofRead MoreControl Theory15246 Words   |  61 PagesUniversity of Arizona Author of Social Bond Theory Hirschi’s Two Theories and Beyond T ravis Hirschi has dominated control theory for four decades. His influence today is undiminished and likely will continue for years, if not decades, to come (see, e.g., Britt Gottfredson, 2003; Gottfredson, 2006; Kempf, 1993; Pratt Cullen, 2000). Beyond the sheer scholarly talent manifested in his writings, what accounts for Hirschi’s enduring influence on criminological theory? Three interrelated considerationsRead MoreNothing Yet4104 Words   |  17 Pages Date: _____________ 1. Young children typically try to stay very close to their parents when they are in an unfamiliar setting. This best illustrates the adaptive value of: A) habituation. B) conservation. C) the rooting reflex. D) attachment. E) egocentrism. 2. The branch of psychology that systematically focuses on the physical, mental, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle is called: A) clinical psychology. B) social psychology. C) personality psychologyRead MoreExplain the Principal Psychological Perspectives Applied to the Understanding of the Development of Individuals7716 Words   |  31 PagesUnit 29 Assignment 1: * P1 Explain the principal psychological perspectives applied to the understanding of the development of individuals * M1 Discuss the principal psychological perspectives applied to the understanding of the development of individuals * D1 Evaluate the principal psychological perspectives applied to the understanding of the development of individuals There are numerous debates in regards to developmental psychology. One of the main debates to begin with is natureRead MoreEthnic Reproduction and the Amniotic Deep: Joy Kogawas Obasan13316 Words   |  54 Pages(p. 431) The power of love (p. 431) Is romantic love unique to western culture? 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Organizational behaviour and the social and behavioural sciences ââ€"  Organizational behaviour studies use social and behavioural science methodologies, which involve scientific procedures. ââ€"  The social sciences include the disciplines of psychology, social psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics and political science. ââ€"  Behavioural science is mainly concerned with psychology and sociology. ItRead MoreLife Span Development Reflective Paper5968 Words   |  24 PagesIntroduction Brenda Watson Leadership Coaching September 19, 2010 This has been a very fascinating journey from prenatal, birth to old age. The goal of this paper is to show how my knowledge and understanding of life span development has increased, as well as demonstrate how this knowledge and understanding will apply to and can be used within my area of specialization, Leadership Coaching. As a Social Worker, I have had the opportunity to work with children and families from diverse socioeconomic

Smoking Should Be Made Illegal Free Essays

Kelvin Omogbeme CIGARETTE SMOKING SHOULD BE BANNED IN THE SAME WAY AS OTHER ILLEGAL DRUGS Tobacco is one of the most widely used drugs in the world, mainly in the form of a cigarette. Although most countries have tried to restrict the use of tobacco, people still smoke everyday despite the fact that it is poisonous and harmful to their health. Cigarette smoking has been part of our lives for many decades now. We will write a custom essay sample on Smoking Should Be Made Illegal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether cigarettes should be banned or not becomes an object of controversy for many countries. Smokers claim that smoking helps in reducing their stress and also it strengthens the economy. But the negative aspect of smoking outweighs the positive. Smoking is a bad habit, and it is not good for human health. Cigarette smoking has seriously negative effects and it should be banned completely because it is hazardous for smokers and non-smoker’s health, it costs a large amount of money, and also it tends to influence people around us. Firstly, smoking undoubtedly helps many people to relax. For some, it even improves concentration. Many people like to smoke before exams or when they are relaxing with friends. A further point is that governments throughout the whole world make huge profits from levying taxes on cigarettes. This provides funds which are used for building schools, hospitals and other public amenities. The tobacco industry also employs tens of thousands of people throughout the world, particularly in poorer countries. Without cigarettes, these people would have no jobs and they will be suffering. However, despite these points, the arguments against smoking are strong. Smoking has been shown to be hazardous to people’s health. Smokers are taking into their body large amount of toxic such as; nicotine, carbon monoxide, and ammonia daily. These chemicals are dangerous to our health. First of all, cigarettes contain 4000 chemicals in it, and 69 of them are known to cause cancer. Smoking too much causes first-hand smokers to get yellow teeth, swollen gum, skin disease, and bad fingernails. They are also known to get headaches, lung cancer and bad breath much more easily than nor-smokers do. Years ago, millions of people died of lung cancer because of smoking. It was a dreadful scene. Those families were sad and they went bankrupt because of the amount of money they spent on treating their loved ones illness, while they were sick in the hospital. Smoking can cause damage to the respiratory system and circulatory system. Furthermore, people who smoke get heart attacks and their kidneys no longer function properly. About 400 thousand Americans die each year, and 5. 4 million die globally from smoking related disease. The most common illness causing deaths are respiratory disease such as, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart disease like high blood pressure and heart attacks. From x-rays results, a smokers’ hearts is known to be much darker than a non-smokers heart. The most amazing part about a smoker is that he knows that it is terribly hazardous to him, yet he continues killing himself slowly. Cigarettes contain nicotine which is an addictive substance and that is why it is hard for smokers to stop smoking. Smokers are occasionally outside smoking, making the people beside him or her breathe in smoke too. These people are known as second-hand smokers or non-smokers. When second-hand smokers breathe in first-hand smoker’s smoke, they also get badly harmed by it. Cigarette does not just harm the people who smoke, they also harm the people who are near them and breathe the smoke. Non-smokers do not like to breathe polluted air; they feel annoyed when someone around them smokes. For instance, if you are trying to enjoy a meal in a restaurant, and you suddenly inhale the smoke from your neighbor; you will feel uncomfortable. Studies show that exposure to cigarette smoke for as little as thirty minutes a day can raise a non-smoker’s risk of suffering a heart attack. Children are being harmed by first-hand smokers and it is unfair. Children’s lives are being put at risk every day because people make the bad decision to smoke. When children breathe in cigarette smoke, they have an increased risk for childhood illnesses such as asthma and ear infections. It is also harmful to pregnant women and unborn children. If the health of a pregnant smoker is not enough for her to quit smoking, then the health of her baby should be. Smoking during pregnancy affects you and your baby’s health before, during, and after your baby is born. The nicotine (the addictive substance in cigarettes), carbon monoxide, and numerous other poisons you inhale from a cigarette are carried through your bloodstream and go directly to your baby. Another reason why smoking should be banned is because it helps to save money for better use. Many people who smoke cigarettes are not even aware of how much they spend on cigarettes every month. Depending on how much people smoke, it can run up to a couple of hundred dollars per month. People spend lots of money on buying cigarette. If people are not allowed to smoke, they gradually reduce the number of cigarette they smoke; thereby, saving lots of money. All the money they spend in buying cigarettes can be saved and used for something much more important and useful like paying off a loan or a saving for a child’s education. After all, we can better our society by educating the future generation to be financially sound and debt-free. Just try stopping smoking cigarette; you will be surprise how much amount of money will be saved. Finally, another reason why smoking should be banned is because smokers tend to influence people around them. For instance, when your son or daughter sees you smoking, he or she would become interested in trying it; thereby he or she may be addicted to it and that makes him or her become smoker. Same thing goes with a teenager, who just entered high school, and he sees his teacher smoking, or even at work when your colleagues see you smoking, he might be influenced too especially when the smoker gives it so much importance and glorifies it like it is the best thing to do. This definitely has an impact on the way a person thinks about smoking, and more often, leads people to begin smoking. As you can see, smoking causes a lot of problems in our society. The reasons why smoking should be banned is because it is dangerous for smoker’s health and non-smokers health, it helps to save a lot of money and it tends to influence other people around. What people don’t realize is that they have the power to control, and stop the terrible habit that affects them and millions of people across the globe. If smoking is banned, the food that smokers eat will begin to taste better, their sense of smell will return to normal and they will gradually be able to exercise or do normal chores such as taking out the trash without loss of breath and wheezing, their blood pressure becomes lower, the carbon monoxide level in their blood drops to normal, coughing and shortness of breath decrease and the lung cancer death rates will reduce and people will be able to save a lot of money. If smoking is banned, the environment would be a better, and a safer place to live for us and our future generations. Overall, I think the world would be a better place without cigarettes. I suggest the government take immediate action and stop the puff of smoke from coming out of a person’s mouth and make them happy and invincible from smoke! Therefore, cigarette smoking should be banned in the same way as other illegal drugs. REFERENCE Rachael Rettner. (2013, January, 25). Should cigarette smoking be illegal. Retrieved from http://www. foxnews. com/health/2013/01/25/should-cigarettes-be-illegal/ Andy Phan. (2011, July). Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned. Retrieved from http://www. tudymode. com/essays/Should-Cigarette-Smoking-Be-Banned-707870. html Tom Head. (2009). Should cigarettes be made illegal. Retrieved from http://civilliberty. about. com/od/drugpolicy/i/cigarettes_ban_2. htm S Chapman, R Borland, M Scollo, R C Brownson, A Dominello, and S Woodward. (1999, July). The impact of smoke-free workplaces on declining cigarette consumption in Australia and the United States. American Jour nal of Public Health July 1999: Vol. 89, No. 7, pp. 1018-1023. Retrieved from http://ajph. aphapublications. org/doi/abs/10. 2105/AJPH. 89. 7. 1018 How to cite Smoking Should Be Made Illegal, Papers

The Aeneid Books Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Aeneid Books Essay, Research Paper The nuance in the differences between Aneas and Turnus, reflect the nuance in the differences between the Aeneid and the Iliad. Although both characters are devout and baronial, Aneas does non possess the ardent passion of Turnus. Unlike Turnus, Aneas is able to put his beliefs in the doomed constitution of Latium before his personal involvements. Although Turnus is non a bad individual, the Gods favor Aneas in their strategies. The functions of Aneas and Turnus are reversed as the Aeneid advancements. The erasure of Aneas # 8217 ; free will accounts for his victory and success. Time and clip once more, Aneas # 8217 ; bravery, trueness, and will are tested in the Aeneid. Through apparently eternal journeys by sea, through love left to shrivel, and through war and decease, Aneas exhibits his anchored principals and his firm character. # 8220 ; Of weaponries I sing and the hero, fate # 8217 ; s exile # 8230 ; Who in the clasp of immortal powers was pounded By land and sea to satiate the implacable hate of Juno ; who suffered bitterly in his conflicts As he endeavor for the site of his metropolis, and safe harboring For his Supreme beings in Latium # 8221 ; ( Virgil 7 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Aeneid Books Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a slave to the Gods and their programs, Aneas assimilates his head and forfeits his life to the constitution of Latium. As the greatest of all warriors, Aneas displays his brilliant strength and his leading capablenesss, by steering the Trojans to triumph over the Latins and set uping Latium. The altruism of Aneas and his devotedness to the Supreme beings, enables him to jump over and interrupt through any obstructions that blockade his fate. Patterned after Homer # 8217 ; s Hector, Virgil # 8217 ; s Turnus is besides a brave and devout hero. As the most fine-looking of Rutilians, Turnus # 8217 ; aristocracy reflects his physical visual aspect ; he is a god-fearing, libation-bearing soldier. Turnus was greatly admired and respected by his topics: # 8220 ; by far the fairest ( of Italian work forces ) / Was Turnus, favored both in his baronial forebears / And by the queen who advanced his claims with eager devotedness # 8221 ; ( Virgil 147 ) . Unlike Turnus, Aneas is able to put his beliefs in Rome before his ain involvements ; that is the specifying feature of Aneas # 8217 ; gallantry. Leaving Dido, the beautiful and passionate Carthaginian Queen, was highly hard for Aneas, and he delayed go forthing her every bit long as possible. Aneas plaints, # 8220 ; If the Fates / Allowed me the life I would take to populate for myself # 8230 ; it is non / Of my ain free will I must seek Italy # 8221 ; ( Virgil 84 ) . Aneas had suffered greatly at sea and lost many work forces, he did non long to sail once more. Aneas did non desire a war to break out between Trojan and Latins, but he knew that nil could maintain him from set uping Latium where the Gods had prophesied. Both Aneas and Turnus are spurred on to action by visions. In the underworld, Aneas is goaded by the image of his male parent: # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Father, it was you # 8211 ; Your grief-engendering spirit clip and once more Appeared to me and constrained me to do my manner To the border of this universe # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( Virgil 139 ) . Turnus # 8217 ; hatred for Aneas, inspired by the goddess Allecto, was the lone stimulation that Turnus required. # 8220 ; Turnus! Will you stand by and see so much of your attempt wasted? And what is yours transferred to Trojan colonists? The male monarch is declining to give you your bride, or the dowery gt ; Won with you blood, and a alien is being imported To inherit the throne! Travel on unmasking yourself To unmerited dangers! Be mocked! # 8221 ; ( Virgil 158 ) . Consequently, Turnus leads the war against the fledglings blindly and filled with fury. Turnus fails to give up or do an understanding even when all is on the virge of devastation, because he was non contending for his patria # 8211 ; he was contending for his pride. Destiny best distinguishes the result of the lives of Aneas and Turnus. Turnus merely lacks the celestial countenance that Aneas possesses. Since the conflict at Troy in the Iliad, when Aneas was rescued from decease by a goddess, the Godhead intent of Aneas was being secured. Aneas is made cognizant and reminded of his intent by Mercury: # 8220 ; What are you making? # 8230 ; If no aspiration spurs you, nor desire To see yourself renowned for your ain workss # 8211 ; What of Ascanius, earnest of your line? The kingdom of Italy the Roman heritage His due # 8221 ; ( Virgil 82 ) . Aneas # 8217 ; armour, constructed by the God of craftsman, is both keen and extremely immune. Turnus besides had godly support signifier Juno, but Juno could non over step her boundaries # 8211 ; viz. , Zeus # 8217 ; will. Juno was forced to relinquish control of Turnus # 8217 ; destiny, and it was so when Aneas was able to slaying Turnus in conflict. # 8220 ; I ( Juno ) am ill and afraid Of your ruthless command. Oh, but if there were That influence in my love which one time there was, And it is right there should be still, All-Powerful, You would non hold denied me this at least # 8211 ; The power to untangle Turnus organize the conflict # 8230 ; As it is, allow him die. Let him give His sinless blood to quench the Trojan retribution # 8221 ; ( Virgil 234 ) . Although it may look as though Turnus # 8217 ; disposition was his ruin, Turnus # 8217 ; merely mistake was that he was non destined to suppress Aneas. In add-on, it was non the mistake of Turnus that he fought so violently and primal, because the goddess Allecto planted the seeds of hatred and force in him. Cosecuently, it was non the mistake of Turnus that he was blinded by fury, and did non seek any methods for peace. As the narrative progresses, The jugs of Zeus seem to empty themselves into each other. At the beginning of the heroic poem, Aneas had suffered greatly at the custodies of female parent Earth ( 9-10 ) .The decease of Entices in book three, besides affected Aneas greatly. Depicted as a wonderer and a refugee, Aneas landed on the shores of Carthage without anything but his repute. Aneas # 8217 ; enduring continued when he was forced to go forth Dido, reminiscent of the clip when Aneas left his household. Meanwhile, Turnus, the prince of the Rutilians, was at the top of the hierarchy of Rome ; he was greatly respected by his topics. However, # 8220 ; sinister marks from heaven stood in the manner # 8221 ; ( Virgil 147 ) . Once Aneas settled on the lands of Latium, and Allecto instilled the violencia inside Turnus, Turnus # 8217 ; luck embarked on a downward spiral. The plumb bob does non stop until Turnus is dead at the custodies of Aneas. The exultant Aneas stands over the fallen, tragic Turnus. In a universe where conformance was rewarded, and free will was abolished, the devout Aneas sacrificed his head and bosom for the Gods ; go forthing true love and true apprehension behind in Carthage. As a consequence, an imperium was erected for the # 8220 ; ruthless # 8221 ; Gods. 327 ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation

7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation 7 Tips for Using Suspensive Hyphenation By Mark Nichol Often, when both items in a pair of hyphenated phrases have a common element, the first instance of that element can be elided, or omitted, without erasing the connection; the incomplete phrase is implied to have the same form as the complete one. However, as shown in these examples, it’s essential to treat the phrases, especially their hyphens, correctly: 1. â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† The sludge was laden with a combination of arsenic and mercury; arsenic was not released separately from mercury-laden sludge. Because laden can serve to team up with both arsenic and mercury, it is omitted from where it might first appear; the phrase â€Å"arsenic-laden† is merely implied. A hyphen is attached to arsenic to express the elision: â€Å"The holding pond’s collapse sent more than a billion gallons of arsenic- and mercury-laden sludge into the river.† 2. â€Å"The company provides small- and medium-size businesses with service and support.† The hyphen following small implies that â€Å"small-size† is the intended construction, but size is not appropriate in association with small: â€Å"The company provides small and medium-size businesses with service and support.† 3. â€Å"The 1-2 year old wolf is still a baby.† The confusing adjective string before wolf is meant to express that the animal is either a 1-year-old or a 2-year-old. You can write that an animal is 1-2 years old, but here you must hyphenate the construction â€Å"(number)-year-old† to modify the noun that follows. The correct full form of the sentence would be â€Å"The 1-year-old to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby,† but the first instance of â€Å"year-old† can be elided: â€Å"The 1- to 2-year-old wolf is still a baby.† Note the letter space following 1 this element has no connection to to, so don’t connect them. 4. â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink-and-love besotted dupe.† The trainlike coupling of â€Å"drink-and-love† makes no grammatical sense. Observers thought of Marc Antony as separately besotted by drink and love, so he was a drink-besotted dope and a love-besotted dope, or, as follows: â€Å"Marc Antony was seen as Cleopatra’s drink- and love-besotted dupe.† 5. â€Å"The difference between pre- and post-Civil War attitudes was profound.† The elision of â€Å"Civil War† after pre- is correct, but when a prefix or suffix is attached (or implied to attach) to a proper noun or to more than one term, a sturdy en dash is called in to substitute for the little hyphen: â€Å"The difference between pre and postCivil War attitudes was profound.† 6. â€Å"She felt underpaid and -appreciated.† Though use of suspensive hyphenation in the case of words with otherwise closed prefixes (â€Å"The fund was alternately over- and underfunded†) is correct, avoid applying it with closed suffixes: â€Å"She felt underpaid and underappreciated.† 7. â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3- by 5-inch cards.† By signals that this sentence does not refer to 3-inch cards and 5-inch cards; this statement is in a separate class. When two dimensions refer to a single object, link the entire phrasal adjective together: â€Å"The box contained a stack of 3-by-5-inch cards.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Meaning of "To a T"80 Idioms with the Word TimeI wish I were...

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221;

10 Deductive Essay Topics on Emma Larkin’s #8220;Finding George Orwell in Burma#8221; If you are looking for facts on Emma Larkins Finding George Orwell in Burma so as to write a deductive essay, there are a handful of great facts from the book which pertain to the book to help you in your writing. These ten facts can prove most useful in helping you to support the claims you might be making in your next essay: In the book â€Å"Finding George Orwell in Burma†, Emma Larkin shows how the government of Burma uses surveillance, censorship, imprisonment, and the rewriting of history to instill fear in its citizens. The government has complete surveillance on its people. The Military Intelligence spies and informers are something spoken about often in the book, something which is so prevalent that people are always afraid to speak out or work with foreigners for fear of being reported to the spies. The emergency provisions act of 1950 provided the government with the ability to sentence any local citizen caught informing foreigners to seven years in prison. This law, and the threat of military intelligence spies contributes even more to the fear of being caught. Fear of having the wrong ideas, of speaking to the wrong person, all of that fear is what breaks apart groups and prevents individuals from sharing their same thoughts or concerns and rising up. When people do rise up, as they did in 1988, the government rewrites history. The generals were rewriting history is a quote from the book which shows how the government rewrote the names of places, streets, buildings, and even disposed of dead bodies and washed away blood from the streets as a way to make all of the people involved in the uprising literally disappear. They did not just kill them, they erased them from history. They erased the memory of the uprising and more. By erasing any evidence of an uprising as well as the evidence of what the government did to those who try to uprising is one of the many ways that the government is able to not only retain fear but use the tool of rewriting history. The Burmese government has a propaganda branch as well as a censorship board both of which work together to produce specific content which has already been approved for magazines as well as newspapers. These two units even create the curriculum for all schools. By censoring all media, the Burmese government is able to maintain complete control of the people by alleviating any potential for motivation or uprisings, and also ensuring that people only hear what the government wants them to hear. By limiting what people have access to, they limit what people think. The government even limited foreign influence. Foreign journalists and writers are not allowed into the country and anyone who has a notebook, camera, or other type of photographic film is continually under surveillance for the duration of their trip. Materials can be reviewed by police as well as military intelligence spies who can delete items that they do not want the individual having. They even have the ability to take away the physical instruments such as a camera and immediately deport the person who owned the camera. If an individual is filming or taking pictures of those locals who are filmed or photographed are also at risk for being detained by police. All of these tools which are used by the government are highly spoken about by Aung San Suu Kyi and reflect strongly on George Orwells contents contained in 1984. Panopticon is the term from George Orwells writing which remains at the center of this type of surveillance. Other terms are also prevalent. Newspeak is a wonderful term which applies to the content distributed by the censorship board. Room 101 refers most strongly to detainees. Another main theme in the writing of George Orwell is out of surveillance. Big brother surveys every aspect of life and infiltrates even the thoughts of its citizens in much the same way that the Burmese do to their people today. Aung San Suu Kyi’s father was a democratic leader of Burma until a coup left him dead. Aung San Suu Kyi took over her father’s role and was soon punished by the military leadership in charge. She married an Englishman and with him had two children, but when she spoke out against the corruption in the government she was placed under house arrest and prohibited not only from seeing her children, but in many cases from having her children visit her. Aung San Suu Kyi was elected in a democratic process once already but the military leadership declared that they were not going to give up their power, after which San Suu Kyi was placed again either in phases of house arrest or would be allowed to leave the country but upon doing so, not allowed back in. She continued to fight alongside her party and to raise international awareness about the seriousness of the human rights abuses. She went on a hunger strike while under house arrest which garnered a great deal of media attention. As of 2015, Burma had open and free elections yet again, and this time Aung San Suu Kyi’s party was elected yet again. The military has stated that it will not contest the results and that it plans to allow the party to assume its role as the new leader. If this takes place, the new party is allowed the authority not only to elect the leader of the country, but other cabinet members. As of late, the former military power changed the constitution to prohibit San Suu Kyi from attaining the role of president, which is a rule that can be overturned if the military leadership keeps to its word and allows the party and San Suu Kyi to assume the power they have been given by their people through the 2015 elections. This book is very interesting to research. That’s why there are also 20 topics on â€Å"Finding Orwell in Burma† by E. Larkin that can be tackled by writing a deductive essay according to our guide. References: Cady, John F.  A history of modern Burma. 1960. Chakraborty, Basanti D. Aung San Suu Kyi.  A Critical Pedagogy of Resistance. SensePublishers, 2013. 121-123. Davison, Peter, Hoepffner Prà ©face de Marie Hermann, and Jean-Jacques Rosat.  George Orwell. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. Harvey, Godfrey Eric.  History of Burma. Asian Educational Services, 2000. Kyi, Aung San Suu.  Aung San Suu Kyi. 1989. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Freedom from fear.  Index on Censorship  21.1 (1992): 11-30. Kyi, Aung San Suu. Voice of hope.  Index on Censorship  26.3 (1997): 162-168.

State Education Standards (my state is Florida) Essay

State Education Standards (my state is Florida) - Essay Example The standards that have been mentioned in each of the documents are logical, realistic and attainable. For student achievement standards the bureau of student development has provided a thorough analysis of the standard. The best part that makes the state department’s claim commendable is the practicality of the standards it expects of its students. A detail report in the stream of Language Art shows how scientifically and strategically the standards are fixed for each grade. Specific requirements of standard for each grade are mentioned like â€Å"Grades 11-12: Reading----Standards/Benchmark†. As the document is in the form of a table based on class grades one can easily navigate through it. Standards seem to be listed as objectives though it is not mentioned specifically. The performance standard of teachers is mentioned in detail. Florida stresses on recruitment of teachers with the skill and resource of teaching non-English speaking students. The requirements in terms of teaching standard are described distinctly especially for ESOL teachers. The document is presented in point form and the objectives are mentioned in specific terms. As there are no sub-headings and as the analysis is content based navigation becomes a little cumbersome to reach a specific detail. The document of the national standards of education of the state of Florida is comprehensive and inclusive of all the different departments of education. It provides a concise but complete view of the standards fixed for each of the different branches. The document presents the content in a very systematic pattern in bullet points with headings and sub-headings for each point. Adopting this technical approach has not only made the document to the point but has also made it easy for one to navigate through it for related points or links. There are no specifications of the standards being regarded as objectives but it seems so in

Consumer Behaviour Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consumer Behaviour Report - Assignment Example Literature Review The main objective of marketing is to understand and satisfy the needs satisfy the needs and demands of the target market customers. The field of consumer behaviour studies the way groups, individuals and even organizations select, buy use, and dispose products or services. The study of consumer behaviour was a relatively new field of study till the mid 1960s (Bagozzi, Gopinath and Nyer, 1999). During that time the study of consumer behaviour did not have any history or body of research (Hines, Hungerford and Tomera, 1987). But then new disciplines were borrowed from various fields and disciplines of management science such as sociology, social psychology and anthropology. Consumer behaviour can be stated as the choice making process as well as physical activity that an individual engages in while acquiring, evaluating or disposing of goods as well as services (Balderjahn, 1988). The study of consumer behaviour and marketing go along parallel. A sound understanding of consumer behaviour is very important to the success of any marketing program. As a matter of fact the study of consumer behaviour is perceived as a corner stone of the overall marketing concept. The study of consumer behaviour has had major impact on the marketing strategies of a company. Study of consumer behaviour helps a company to understand the needs and wants of the customers (Stone and Gronhaug, 1993). Study of consumer behaviour helps marketers to select the target market segment having distinct set of needs and demands. It also helps the marketer to decide upon the marketing mix such as the product, price, place and promotion (Cesi and Olson, 1988). The study and knowledge of consumer behaviour is also quite important for the marketing of non-profit organizations such as hospitals, voluntary agencies. Various non- profit social agencies could be viewed as the sender of ideas looking to target groups of customers. Such organizations also include red-cross blood society (E dell and Burke, 1987). With respect to the present study one of the most important aspects would be the various factors influencing the consumer behaviour. It includes cultural, social, personal, psychological factors (Richins, 1997). The cultural factors include culture which is the most fundamental determinant of the behaviour of a person. Each culture has a set of subculture that consists of relatively smaller subcultures. Social classes are the relatively homogenous divisions of society that are hierarchical in nature. The social factors include reference groups and family (Andreasen, 2002). The reference group of a person include all the groups and individuals that have a direct or in direct influence on the individual. It could include celebrities endorsing product or even the peers and the friends of an individual (Burke and Edell, 1989). The family is also one of the most important parts of the overall consumer behaviour as a person mostly adopts the set of values and attitu des from family only. The personal factors include age, occupation, Economic circumstances, life style and personality of an individual. Psychological factors include motivation, perception, Beliefs, Attitudes, and Learning. Just like the factors influenci

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Environmental Sciences Essay

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Environmental Sciences Essay Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. [6] Gas chromatography (GC) and mass spectrometry (MS) make an effective combination for chemical analysis. [5, 10] The use of a mass spectrometer as the detector in gas chromatography was developed during the 1950s by Roland Gohlke and Fred McLafferty. These sensitive devices were bulky, fragile, and originally limited to laboratory settings. The development of affordable and miniaturized computers has helped in the simplification of the use of this instrument, as well as allowed great improvements in the amount of time it takes to analyze a sample. In 1996 the top-of-the-line high-speed GC-MS units completed analysis of fire accelerants in less than 90 seconds, whereas first-generation GC/MS would have required at least 16 minutes. This has led to their widespread adoption in a number of fields. [6] GC-MS theory and principle The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument separates chemical mixtures (the GC component) and identifies the components at a molecular level (the MS component). It is one of the most accurate tools for analyzing environmental samples. The GC works on the principle that a mixture will separate into individual substances when heated. The heated gases are carried through a column with an inert gas (such as helium). As the separated substances emerge from the column opening, they flow into the MS. [3] The GC separates the constituents of a sample as previously described, but as the gaseous sample exits the column and enters the Mass Spectrometer, it is bombarded with electrons that cause the molecules to become unstable and break down into charged fragments. The positive ions are collected and separated on the basis of their mass / charge ratio.   Various analyser types are available depending on what is being studied.   We have both a quadrupole type MS and an ion trap type MS available. The resulting mass spectra permit the identification of the analytes.   A typical detection limit would be 10 picograms which make it much more sensitive than the flame ionising detector on a GC. [2] To effectively use GC/MS evidence one must understand the process.   First, the GC process will be considered, and then the MS instrument will be presented.  [5] Gas chromatography In general, chromatography is used to separate mixtures of chemicals into individual components. Once isolated, the components can be evaluated individually. In gas chromatography (GC), the mobile phase is an inert gas such as helium. The mobile phase carries the sample mixture through what is referred to as a stationary phase. The stationary phase is a usually chemical that can selectively attract components in a sample mixture. The stationary phase is usually contained in a tube of some sort. This tube is referred to as a column. Columns can be glass or stainless steel of various dimensions. The mixture of compounds in the mobile phase interacts with the stationary phase. Each compound in the mixture interacts at a different rate. Those that interact the fastest will exit (elute from) the column first. Those that interact slowest will exit the column last. By changing characteristics of the mobile phase and the stationary phase, different mixtures of chemicals can be separated. Further refinements to this separation process can be made by changing the temperature of the stationary phase or the pressure of the mobile phase. The capillary column is held in an oven that can be programmed to increase the temperature gradually (or in GC terms, ramped). This helps our separation. As the compounds are separated, they elute from the column and enter a detector. The detector is capable of creating an electronic signal whenever the presence of a compound is detected. The greater the concentration in the sample, the bigger the signal. The signal is then processed by a computer. The time from when the injection is made (time zero) to when elution occurs is referred to as the retention time (RT). While the instrument runs, the computer generates a graph from the signal. This graph is called a chromatogram. Each of the peaks in the chromatogram represents the signal created when a compound elutes from the GC column into the detector. The x-axis shows the RT, and the y-axis shows the intensity (abundance) of the signal. [1] Figure: schematic diagram of gas chromatography 3.1 Mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique used for characterizing molecules according to the manner in which they fragment when bombarded with high-energy electrons, and for elemental analysis at trace levels. Therefore, it is used as a means of structural identification and analysis. Its widest application by far, is for the structural elucidation of organic compound. MS involves the ionization (conversion of molecules into positively charged ions) and fragmentation of molecules. Various methods are available to effect such a process: e.g. (i) Electron impact ionization, by far the most common mode used, (ii) Chemical ionization, (iii) Field ionization or (iv) Fast atom bombardment. In the more commonly used electron impact (EI) mode, the sample molecules are bombarded in the vapour phase with a high-energy electron beam in the instrument known as a mass spectrometer. This process generates a series of positive ions having both mass and charge, which are subsequently separated by deflection in a variable magnetic field according to their mass to charge (m/z) ratio. This results in the generation of a current (ion current) at the detector in proportion to their relative abundance. The resulting mass spectrum is recorded as a series of lines or peaks of relative abundance (vertical peak intensity) versus m/z ratio. The sample is introduced into the inlet system, where it is heated and vaporized under vacuum, and then bled into the ionization chamber (ion source) through a small orifice. Sample sizes for liquids and solids range from milligrams to less than a nanogram, depending on the detection limits of the instrument. Once the gas stream from the inlet system en ters the ionization chamber, it is bombarded at right angles by an electron beam (70 eV) emitted from a hot filament. Only Ëœ20eV is needed to remove one electron from the molecule, to create M+, the remainder is used to fragment the molecular ion into a mixture of radical cations, cations and free radicals. The positively charged ion fragments are then forced through a series of negatively charged accelerating slits towards the mass analyser, where separation of these ion fragments takes place. This analyser tube is an evacuated curved metal tube through which the ion beam passes from the ion source to the ion collector. In early instruments, the fragment ions were deflected in a curved path by a magnetic field only. Mass separation depended on the magnetic field strength, the radius of curvature of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the acceleration voltage. The introduction of an electrostatic field after the magnetic field in later instruments permitted higher resolution so that the mass readings could be obtained to four decimal places. In present day instruments, this double focusing system has been further modified to optimize resolution and most instruments now use a quadrupole mass analyser to effect separation of the ion fragments. The ions are collected one set at a time, with the aid of collimating slits, in the ion collector, where they are also detected and amplified by an electron multiplier. Mass spectral data is recorded on computer. Most mass spectrometers are computer controlled nowadays, and scans from mass ranges 12 to > 700 amu, Can be performed in seconds. [4] Figure: schematic diagram of mass spectrometry 4. Instrumentation of GC-MS The insides of the GC-MS, with the column of the gas chromatograph in the oven on the right. The GC-MS is composed of two major building blocks: the gas chromatograph and the mass spectrometer. The gas chromatograph utilizes a capillary column which depends on the columns dimensions (length, diameter, film thickness) as well as the phase properties (e.g. 5% phenyl polysiloxane). The difference in the chemical properties between different molecules in a mixture will separate the molecules as the sample travels the length of the column. The molecules take different amounts of time (called the retention time) to come out of (elute from) the gas chromatograph, and this allows the mass spectrometer downstream to capture, ionize, accelerate, deflect, and detect the ionized molecules separately. The mass spectrometer does this by breaking each molecule into ionized fragments and detecting these fragments using their mass to charge ratio. Figure: GC-MS schematic These two components, used together, allow a much finer degree of substance identification than either unit used separately. It is not possible to make an accurate identification of a particular molecule by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. The mass spectrometry process normally requires a very pure sample while gas chromatography using a traditional detector (e.g. Flame Ionization Detector) detects multiple molecules that happen to take the same amount of time to travel through the column (i.e. have the same retention time) which results in two or more molecules to co-elute. Sometimes two different molecules can also have a similar pattern of ionized fragments in a mass spectrometer (mass spectrum). Combining the two processes makes it extremely unlikely that two different molecules will behave in the same way in both a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. Therefore when an identifying mass spectrum appears at a characteristic retention time in a GC-MS analysis, i t typically lends to increased certainty that the analyte of interest is in the sample. [6] Figure: schematic of GC/MS 4.1 Inlet system Samples are introduced to the column via an inlet. This inlet is typically injection through a septum. Once in the inlet, the heated chamber acts to volatilize the sample. [6] 4.1.1 GC-MS interface In this GC-MS system, the link between the two instruments is called an interface; it is like a jet separator, whose purpose is to (1) enrich the sample and (2) adjust the vacuum to the high vacuum conditions needed for MS analysis of the column eluent. [11, 9] After separation of our components by the GC, we need away to introduce this sample into MS- interface. An ideal interface should be Qualitatively transfer all analyte Reduce pressure flow/from chromatograph to level MS can handle Not cost an arm (or a leg) No interface meets all requirements The major goal of the interface is to remove all of the carrier gas from- the majority of the effluents. Interface should cover Molecular separator Permeation separator Open split Capillary direct [7] 4.1.2 Molecular separator It is the most popular approach when packed columns are used and based on the relative rate of diffusion. In this the smaller molecules will diffuse more rapidly and most will miss the MS entry jet. The larger molecules will diffuse more slowly will tend to lead the MS entry jet. [7, 11] Figure: molecular separator Advantages of molecular separator It is relatively simple and inexpensive approaches Disadvantages Rate of diffusion is molecular weight dependent If jet becomes partially plugged, you can end up with an excellent carrier gas detector [7] 4.1.3 Permeation interface A semi permeation membrane is placed between the GC effluents and the MS The major problem with this approach is Membrane selectively based on polarity and the molecular weight slow to respond. Only a small fraction analyte actually permeates through the membrane. [7] Figure: permeation membrane 4.1.4 Open or split interface In a split system, a constant flow of carrier gas moves through the inlet. A portion of the carrier gas flow acts to transport the sample into the column. [6] The chromatographic column leads to a T-shaped that contains a smaller diameter tube. A platinum or deactivated fused silica capillary also leads to this tube and goes into the mass spectrometer source. The capillary is kept into the vacuum sealed device and is heated to avoid condensation. The T-shaped tube is closed at both ends but is not sealed, so that pressure remained equal to the atmospheric pressure. A helium gas is continuously passed to avoid any reaction of the gas. [9] The MS pulls the analyte in about 1mL/min through a flow restrictor. If flow is above that the excess is vented. If it is below the He from the external source is pulled in. it is the best source for that have flows close to1mL/min like capillary columns.[7] Figure: open or split interface Advantages Any gas producing source will be used. Relatively low cost and easy to use. Disadvantages Sample leaves columns in split. Split changes as flow change. Split system is preferred when the detector is sensitive to trace amounts of analyte and there is concern about overloading the column [7] 4.1.5 Capillary direct interface This coupling consists of having the capillary column directly entering the spectrometer source by a set of vacuum- sealed joints. Here the pumping is not the problem because the capillary is very long. A length of at least 1.5m is necessary for the column with inside diameter of 0.25mm. [9] If we limit the GC to the capillary column only, the MS can actually use all column effluents. [7] The carrier gas flow gets directed to purge the inlet of any sample following injection (septum purge). Yet another portion of the flow is directed through the split vent in a set ratio known as the split ratio. [6] Figure: capillary direct interface Advantages Low cost simple device No dead volume No selectivity Disadvantages Limits flow range that column can be used Limits the column ID that can use Part of column lost which serve as a flow restrictor[7] 4.2. Vacuum system In order to the MS process to work, it must be conducted under vacuum condition. The major reason for this is to increase the mean free path. The average distance that ions or molecules will travel before colliding with another ion or molecule. A high mean free path is to ensure predictable and reproducible high sensitivity and reliable mass analysis. [7] Since a vacuum is required to work a detector; Detectors are design to use the vacuum as an insulator Large voltage are used in the MS Operation of the detector in the absence of the vacuum that can cause severe damage Most instrument prevent operation if the vacuum is not high enough A vacuum is produced by using a combination of the two pumps- two stage vacuum pumps. The rotary pumps produced vacuum 102-104torr. These are the turbomolecular or diffusion pumps work in the range of 105torr. These are actually like the compressor. 4.2.1 Turbomolecular pump It relies on the series of blades or the air foils that tend to deflect the gas. It able to produce the clean vacuum in few hours and reliable Disadvantage It is expensive, short life time, can become noisy Figure: turbomolecular pump 4.2.2 Oil diffusion pumps It is another important type of the pump that produce high vacuum. These are reliable, maintenance free and quite but take much time and due to poor design oil enters into the vacuum. [7] Figure: oil diffusion pumps 4.3. Ionization A number of ionization techniques available Figure: types of ionization 4.3.1 Types of ionization After the molecules travel the length of the column, pass through the transfer line and enter into the mass spectrometer they are ionized by various methods with typically only one method being used at any given time. Once the sample is fragmented it will then be detected, usually by an electron multiplier diode, which essentially turns the ionized mass fragment into an electrical signal that is then detected. The ionization technique chosen is independent of using Full Scan or SIM. [6] 4.3.1.1 Electron Ionization By far the most common and perhaps standard form of ionization is electron ionization (EI). The molecules enter into the MS (the source is a quadrupole or the ion trap itself in an ion trap MS) where they are bombarded with free electrons emitted from a filament, not much unlike the filament one would find in a standard light bulb. The electrons bombard the molecules, causing the molecule to fragment in a characteristic and reproducible way. This hard ionization technique results in the creation of more fragments of low mass to charge ratio (m/z) and few, if any, molecules approaching the molecular mass unit. Hard ionization is considered by mass spectroscopists as the employ of molecular electron bombardment, whereas soft ionization is charge by molecular collision with an introduced gas. The molecular fragmentation pattern is dependant upon the electron energy applied to the system, typically 70eV (electron Volts). The use of 70eV facilitates comparison of generated spectra with Na tional Institute of Standard (NIST-USA) library of spectra applying algorithmic matching programs and the use of methods of analysis written by much method standardization Chemical Ionization. [6, 10] Figure: EI graph Figure: EI source 4.3.1.2 Chemical Ionization In chemical ionization a reagent gas, typically methane or ammonia is introduced into the mass spectrometer. Depending on the technique (positive CI or negative CI) chosen, this reagent gas will interact with the electrons and analyte and cause a soft ionization of the molecule of interest. A softer ionization fragments the molecule to a lower degree than the hard ionization of EI. One of the main benefits of using chemical ionization is that a mass fragment closely corresponding to the molecular weight of the analyte of interest is produced. Figure: CI source Positive chemical Ionization In Positive Chemical Ionization (PCI) the reagent gas interacts with the target molecule, most often with a proton exchange. This produces the species in relatively high amounts. Negative Chemical Ionization In Negative Chemical Ionization (NCI) the reagent gas decreases the impact of the free electrons on the target analyte. This decreased energy typically leaves the fragment in great supply. [6, 7] Figure: comparison of graph obtain from EI and CI 4.4 Mass analyzer A mass analyzer or filter is the portion of the mass spectrometer that is responsible for resolving different mass fragments. Typically all ions will move with same kinetic energy (1/2mv2). Some aspects of these accelerated ions are exploited as the basis for resolving them. 4.4.1 Types of mass analyzers There are following types of mass analyzers Magnetic Electrostatic Time of flight Quadrupole mass filter Quadrupole ion storage(ion trap) The last two types are most commonly used in GC/MS systems although time of flight making a come back [7, 6, 10] 4.4.1.1 Quadrupole mass filter It consists of four rods. Figure: rods of quadrupole Rods operate in pairs (x or y) and each carries a voltage. Only ions of proper m/z value can successfully traverses the entire filter (z axis). The high pass rods filter out ions with too low of an m/z. the low pass filter outs the ions with too high of an m/z value. [7] Figure: schematic of quadrupole 4.5 Detector Ion detection Once the ions are separated, we need a way to convert them to a response that can be used. An electron multiplier is the most common type of detector used. It is a continuous dynode type of detector. The inner surface of the detector is electroemassive material. When struck by ion electrons are ejected. Due to increasing potential, the electrons are accelerated and when they strike another surface, even more electrons are ejected. This significantly amplifies our signals. [7] Figure: detector 4.6 Data system Data system is the heart of our GC/MS system. Without it we would have no way to deal with the vast amount of information that even a single GC/MS analysis produce. Inexpensive fast desktop are the single most important advance in GC/MS. [7] Figure: data system 4.7 Method of analysis The primary goal of instrument analysis is to quantify an amount of substance. This is done by comparing the relative concentrations among the atomic masses in the generated spectrum. Two kinds of analysis are possible, comparative and original. Comparative analysis essentially compares the given spectrum to a spectrum library to see if its characteristics are present for some sample in the library. This is best performed by a computer because there are a myriad of visual distortions that can take place due to variations in scale. Computers can also simultaneously correlate more data (such as the retention times identified by GC), to more accurately relate certain data. Another method of analysis measures the peaks in relation to one another. In this method, the tallest peak is assigned 100% of the value, and the other peaks being assigned proportionate values. All values above 3% are assigned. The total mass of the unknown compound is normally indicated by the parent peak. The value of this parent peak can be used to fit with a chemical formula containing the various elements which are believed to be in the compound. The isotope pattern in the spectrum, which is unique for elements that have many isotopes, can also be used to identify the various elements present. Once a chemical formula has been matched to the spectrum, the molecular structure and bonding can be identified, and must be consistent with the characteristics recorded by GC/MS. Typically, this identification done automatically by programs which come with the instrument, given a list of the elements which could be present in the sample. A full spectrum analysis considers all the peaks within a spectrum. Conversely, selective ion monitoring (SIM) only monitors selected peaks associated with a specific substance. This is done on the assumption that at a given retention time, a set of ions is characteristic of a certain compound. This is a fast and efficient analysis, especially if the analyst has previous information about a sample or is only looking for a few specific substances. When the amount of information collected about the ions in a given gas chromatographic peak decreases, the sensitivity of the analysis increases. So, SIM analysis allows for a smaller quantity of a compound to be detected and measured, but the degree of certainty about the identity of that compound is reduced. [6] 5. Applications 5.1. Environmental Monitoring and Cleanup GC-MS is becoming the tool of choice for tracking organic pollutants in the environment. The cost of GC-MS equipment has decreased significantly, and the reliability has increased at the same time, which has contributed to its increased adoption in environmental studies. There are some compounds for which GC-MS is not sufficiently sensitive, including certain pesticides and herbicides, but for most organic analysis of environmental samples, including many major classes of pesticides, it is very sensitive and effective. 5.2. Criminal Forensics GC-MS can analyze the particles from a human body in order to help link a criminal to a crime. The analysis of fire debris using GC-MS is well established, and there is even an established American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard for fire debris analysis. GCMS/MS is especially useful here as samples often contain very complex matrices and results, used in court, need to be highly accurate. 5.3. Law Enforcement GC-MS is increasingly used for detection of illegal narcotics, and may eventually supplant drug-sniffing dogs. It is also commonly used in forensic toxicology to find drugs and/or poisons in biological specimens of suspects, victims, or the deceased. 5.4. Security A post-September 11 development, explosive detection systems have become a part of all US airports. These systems run on a host of technologies, many of them based on GC-MS. There are only three manufacturers certified by the FAA to provide these systems, one of which is Thermo Detection (formerly Thermedics), which produces the EGIS, a GC-MS-based line of explosives detectors. The other two manufacturers are Barringer Technologies, now owned by Smiths Detection Systems and Ion Track Instruments, part of General Electric Infrastructure Security Systems. 5.5. Food, Beverage and Perfume Analysis Foods and beverages contain numerous aromatic compounds, some naturally present in the raw materials and some forming during processing. GC-MS is extensively used for the analysis of these compounds which include esters, fatty acids, alcohols, aldehydes, terpenes etc. It is also used to detect and measure contaminant from spoilage or adulteration which may be harmful and which is often controlled by governmental agencies, for example pesticides. 5.6. Astrochemistry Several GC-MS have left earth. Two were brought to Mars by the Viking program. Venera 11 and 12 and Pioneer Venus analysed the atmosphere of Venus with GC-MS. The Huygens probe of the Cassini-Huygens mission landed one GC-MS on SaturnHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SaturnsHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturnss largest moon, Titan. The material in the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko will be analysed by the Rosetta mission with a chiral GC-MS in 2014. 5.7. Medicine In combination with isotopic labeling of metabolic compounds, the GC-MS is used for determining metabolic activity. Most applications are based on the use of 13C as the labeling and the measurement of 13C/12C ratios with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS); an MS with a detector designed to measure a few select ions and return values as ratios. [6]

Aristotle and Aquinas Essay -- Philosophy essays

Aristotle and Aquinas      Ã‚  Ã‚   Among political theorists, the debate over the rule of law has been quite intense.   From the earliest days of political philosophy through to the enlightenment, there have been varying views on what the rule of law should be.   Two thinkers in particular - Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas - are perhaps the most influential.   On the surface, they both advocate the rule of law as playing a crucial role in society.   But upon deeper analysis, one finds that Aristotle's views sharply contrast with those of Aquinas.   This essay shall attempt to elucidate the disagreement between Aristotle and Aquinas, by first outlining Aristotle's arguments for and against the rule of law, and then by explaining what Aristotle would find inadequate with Aquinas' arguments.      In the third book of Politics (1286a8ff.), Aristotle presents a number of arguments for and against the rule of law.   He begins by posing a question around which his ensuing discussion revolves:    The beginning point of the inquiry if this:   whether it is more advantageous to be ruled by the best man or by the best laws.1    He proceeds to point out that laws only speak of the universal, and that they "do not command a view to circumstance"2   He uses the analogy of an Egyptian doctor to prove his point.   In Egypt, a doctor must follow legal procedure when treating a patient.   It is only after the fourth day that the doctor is legally permitted to use his or her own discretion, and even then, it is at his or her own risk.   Thus, the doctor must follow the prescribed routine (until the fourth day), even if it leads to the death of his patient.   Aristotle uses this example to illustrate that the best regime cannot be one that i... ...le by law, or to fool by law;   that is the question.   And the debate still rages on.    BIBLIOGRAPHY: Lord, Carnes [trans.]   Aristotle, The Politics.   University of Chicago Press; Chicago;   1985 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan [eds.]   Aquinas, St. Thomas.   On Law, Morality, and Politics.   Hackett Publishing Company, Indiana;   1998       1 Lord, Carnes [trans.] - Aristotle, The Politics.   P. 111 Ln. 8-9 2 Ibid.  Ã‚   Ln. 11-12 3 Ibid.  Ã‚   Ln. 20-21 4 Ibid.  Ã‚   Ln. 30 5 Ibid.  Ã‚   Ln. 35 6 Ibid.   Pp. 111-112.   Ln.36-37 7 Ibid.   P. 112.   Ln. 2 8 Ibid.  Ã‚   Ln.6 9 Ibid.   P. 114.   Ln 28 10 Ibid.   P. 115.   Ln. 4-5 11 Baumgarth, William P. and Richard J. Regan [eds.]   Aquinas, St. Thomas.   On Law, Morality, and Politics.   P. 57 12 Ibid.  Ã‚   Pp. 57-58 13 Ibid.  Ã‚   P. 58 14 Ibid.  Ã‚   P. 116.   Ln. 28   

Other Forms Of Social Control

All societies impose social control on their citizens to some degree. This type of control allows them to monitor and regulate behavior formally and informally. Key’s to understanding a culture’s system of social control is having a better understanding of the social norms. In large scale society they maintain social control within the legal institutions.There are also two other major controls that exist that many are unaware of. Religion is known to have control over the population, the public and the behavior of all. Whenever a person claims to be a dedicated Christian they must follow certain types of moral codes in order to uphold the personality in the public.Television is another form of social control. This control was noted that television was blocking mostly those individuals from enjoying the life on the outside of their doors. Social control is even in our households. A person wants their household a certain type of way has somewhat of a social control.I am u nder the impression that when a child is growing up they are taught wrong from right, what is good and what is bad. This however is only to prepare them for the real world.The subconscious mind is an outstanding and powerful information processor that can record and replay events that happened in the past. However many individuals become aware of their own subconscious mind when they realize they’re engaged in an undesirable behavior only as a result of someone who has pushed the wrong buttons.