The Extent to Which Psychological Theories Have Been...

The Extent to Which Psychological Theories Have Been Successful in Explaining Attachments There are various psychological theories to regard as which have been successful in explaining attachments and I will be explaining the majority of them. Sigmund Freud developed a theory of personality - an explanation of how each individuals personality develops. This theory can be used to explain many aspects of behaviour, including attachment. Feud proposed that attachment grows out of the feeding relationship. In essence Freud claimed that infants are born with an innate drive to seek pleasure. He called this the pleasure principle, and suggested that one structure of the personality (id) was†¦show more content†¦The relationship with the primary caregiver acts as a template for all later relationships However, the classic experiments of Harry Harlow (1959) on rhesus monkeys demonstrated that this theory was inadequate. This study concerned rhesus monkeys who were raised on their own by two wire mothers. One wire mother had a feeding bottle attached and the other and the other was wrapped in soft cloth but offered no cloth. According to the learning theory, the young monkeys should have become attached to the mother associated with food and offering drive reduction. In fact, the monkeys spent most time with the cloth-covered mother and would cling to it especially when they were frightened. These studies suggest that cupboard love is not likely to be an explanation for attachment, though we must remember that this research concerned monkeys and it may not be wholly appropriate to generalise the findings to human behaviour. Schaffer and Emerson (1964) conducted an important study observing the development of attachments in 60 infants who came largely from working-class homes in Glasgow. The infants were observed over a period of a year in their homes. 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